The aim of this research work is to give a critical appraisal of Urdu poetry in 20th century in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Urdu Ghazal started here in Mughal era and Urdu Nazam lately took importance. Urdu poetry is discussed in detail; prominent poets of KPK have also given much importance in this research work. It has been tried to bring all the changes and factors producing changes into light. A comparison also being made between old and new poets that how and to what extent their way of thinking and subjects vary. For this purpose this research work is divided into five chapters. First chapter is about the culture and geographical location of this province along with the introduction and a brief background of Urdu poetry before 20th century. Poets like Maazullah khan and Qasim Ali Khan have been discussed in detail whose contributions are second to none in this province. The second chapter is the study and analysis of the poetic evolution of pre-partition era. In this chapter the poets of early 20th century and their works have been discussed briefly. Poets like sa'en Ahmed Ali, Ghulam Hussain Misger, Aasi Sarhadi, Dilawar Khan Bedil, Jaffar Ali Jaffery, Barq Ganjavi, Qazi Muhammad Umar Qaza, Mir Waliullah Abbottabadi and Khalis Makki brought a revolution in the field of Ghazal and Nazam (poem). Third chapter of this thesis is the story of poetry and poets of this province emerged after partition till 1980.In this era a number of trends and changes appeared in Ghazal and poems of KPK. Farigh Bukhari, Raza Hamdani, Muhsin Ihsan, Ahmed Faraz, Qateel Shifaie, Khatir Ghaznavi, Yousaf Raja Chishti and Saeed Ahmed Akhtar were the leading poets of this era who brought positive changes in the genre of Ghazal and Nazam. They were the pioneers of Modern poetry in KPK. In this chapter importance has been given to the modern poetry of these poets. The fourth chapter is comprised of the study and evolution of poetry from 1980 to 2013.In the modern age most of the poets are composing Azad Nazams (free verses) along with Ghazal and Nazam. In this era the poetic scenario have been completely changed in this province.poets like Maqbool Aamir, Ghulam Muhammad Qasir, Ahmad Hussain Mujahid, Nishat Sarhadi, Akhtar Raza Saleemi, Ahmed Fawad Aasif Saqib and Bushra Farrukh have tremendous contribution in modern poetry of KPK.I have made a truthful analysis of these poets in this chapter. The last chapter is the overall analysis of the topic and suggestions are listed here for further research work and for the promotion of poetic trends in KPK.
کسے ملک اتے اک ظالم بادشاہ حکمرانی کر رہیا سی۔ اوہ اپنی رعایا اتے بہت ظلم کردا تے اوس دے دربار وچوں کسے نوں وی انصاف نئیں سی ملدا۔ جو وی اوس دے خلاف بولدا، اوہ اوس نوں جانوں مار دیندا سی۔ کسے نوں اوہ پھاہے لاندا تے کسے نوں بھکھے خون خوار جانوراں اگے سٹ دتا۔ کسے دے ہتھ پیر کٹ دیندا تے کسے دیاں اکھاں کڈھ دیندا۔ اک سپاہی نے بادشاہ دے ظلم دے خلاف آواز چکی تاں بادشاہ نے اوس نوں مارن دا حکم دے دتا۔ اوہ سزا توں بچن لئی اپنے گھروں نسیا تے جنگل وچ جا کے لک گیا۔ بادشاہ نے سپاہیاں نوں جنگل جا کے لبھن تے گرفتار کرن دا حکم دتا۔ سپاہی اوس نوں گرفتار کرن لئی جنگل جاندے نیں۔ پر اگوں اوہناں نوں شیر ملدا اے جو گرج دار آواز وچ بول رہیا سی۔ سپاہی ایہہ ویکھ کے ڈر جاندے نیں تے اوتھوں واپس بادشاہ کول آ جاندے نیں۔ جدوں سپاہی نے اوہناں نوں واپس جاندے ویکھیا تاں اوہ لکی ہوئی تھاں توں باہر آیا۔ اوہ وی شیر نوں ویکھ کے بہت خوف زدہ ہوندا اے۔ جدوں اوس غور نال آواز سنی تاں اوس نوں لگیا کہ شیر کسے مصیبت وچ اے۔ سپاہی جدوں شیر دے نیڑے ہویا تاں شیر نے اوس نوں کجھ نہ آکھیا، ہمت کر کے سپاہی شیر دے ہور نیڑے ہویا تاں اوس ویکھیا کہ اک تیر شیر دی لت وچ کھبیا ہویا اے تے تیر لگن پاروں لہولہان اے۔ سپاہی نے ہمت کر کے پہلاں شیر دی لت وچ تیر کڈھیا جس پاروں اوہدی پیڑ کجھ گھٹ گئی۔ مڑ اوس نے اوہدے پیر وچوں کنڈا کڈھیا۔ شیر اوس دی ایس رحمدلی تے انسان دوستی توں بہت متاثر ہویا اوس دے پیر چمے تے لنگر ہندا ہویا جنگل ول...
In our existing society marital life is going to be distress and unbalanced, the media has affected our family life, very badly. The question is being raised, that there is no importance of a woman in Islam, whereas a man has fully control over a woman. Further, the bill of protection for a woman is being discussed openly on media, which has created many complications and difficulties. In this regard, the help has been taken from the Islamic teachings (Qur┐n and Ah┐dīth), and as well as, the status of a woman has been analyzed in the light of the other religions and cultures, to clear the serious and significant matters of this draft. Islam is a nonviolent and peaceful religion, and no space for any kind of brutality. If any person himself claimed to be a Muslim, and tries to relate his own harmful thoughts with Islamic teachings, it will be his own view, whereas, Islam has no room such type of thing
Linguistics Principles for the Selection of English Text at Secondary Level The English language occupies a prominent place in our educational system. English is taught at least as a subject in all syllabuses, if not as a language. By this the researcher means that planners tend to include English in their syllabuses as a matter of course, but without understanding the implications of teaching it. Yet, that a language is not a subject like geography, for example, should be evident to all. A language is much more than a subject and should be treated as such. It is, in fact, the primary tool of acquisition of knowledge and all social interaction is made possible and sustained by language. The researcher feels that textbook development is of fundamental importance, and that study material should rest on a firm grounding in the theory and practice of language teaching. Applied linguistics supplies a large background of recommendations and approaches for language teaching in general. There are also recommendations and approaches specific to one language, in this case English. ELT (English Language Teaching) has much to offer in this regard, but as far as the researcher can see, there is little to indicate that syllabus planners and study material developers in the country are aware of these matters. Among the many factors responsible for the current situation in English, this is a prominent one. Textbooks as we see them today encourage rote learning for the obvious purpose of passing exams. They do little for the acquisition of usable skills. A major overhauling of attitudes is desirable if whatever little English is left in the country is not lost altogether. In the light of the foregoing, the researcher has tried to identify problems and suggest solutions for students at the secondary level, often considered to be the pivotal point in the totality of the educational experience in Pakistan. Whatever this stage might be for other subjects, it is deplorably weak in English. Language handicaps incurred at this level pull our students down at higher levels. The researcher is aware that many interlocking factors contribute to this unsatisfactory situation. For the purposes of this study he has focused on only one of them.