اسلام میں شعر و شاعری کا تصور

The position of poetry remained unchanged in Islam as it was before Islam, however with due some changes it was used as a weapon for the sake of Islam. This article will explain that how the poetry played a vital role in preaching of Islam. Islam absolutely encourages good wholesome poetry, which inspires one towards the fear of Allah, towards His awe and obedience, and towards anything that is good and made permissible by Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ). Following discussions are made in this article: Firstly Qur’anic views towards poetry; as the word poet came in Qur’an four times while the word poetry once. The total verses in which we see the word poetry are six. Secondly preaching of ethics through poetry; as we see that before Islam the Arab society was without any ethics, the Muslim poet called them for an exemplary life like of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) Using of Qur’anic notion in poetry. Thirdly the Qur’anic notion was used largely in the beginning of Islam, especially by Ḥassān bin Thābit, ʻAbdullāh Bin Rawāḥah, Kaʻb Bin Zubayr and Nābighah Al Jaʻdī etc. Fourthly Answer to non-believers through poetry; as Ḥassān bin Thābit did through his poetry, and answer to the opposition, which impacts more sharp than sword and lastly using of Poetry during the war; it was considered as one of the biggest source for encouraging towards holly wars, the example of Haḍrat Khansā is most prominent. The research article basically focuses upon the importance of poetry in Islam, moreover how the weapon of poetry has been used by Islamic poets for defending Islam and how Islamic poetry vastly used for spreading of golden teachings of Islam.

Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Euphorbia Serpens, Euphorbia Granulata Euphorbiaceae and Vernonia Cinerascens Compositae

The present research work emphasis on the biological and Phytochemical studies of the medicinal plants Vernonia cinerascens (Compositae), Euphorbia granulata and Euphorbia serpens (Euphorbiaceae). Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the different parts of Vernonia cinerascens, Euphorbia granulata and Euphorbia serpens were prepared. These extracts were subjected to a battery of biological screening and it was observed that dichloromethane extracts of Vernonia cinerascens roots and that of Euphorbia granulata whole plant exhibited significant antifungal activity against Microsporum canis. Microsporum canis is responsible for tinea capitis and tinea corporis. Methanol extract of Vernonia cinerascens also showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Fusarium solani is a pathogen responsible for fungal infections in plant and human. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Euphorbia serpens exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus. Methanol extracts of Vernonia cinerascens and Euphorbia serpens showed antioxidant activity. All the extracts have dose dependent spasmolytic activity. Dichloromethaneextract of Vernonia cinerascens root was subjected for Phytochemical investigations and afforded a new monoterpene, (3β-acetoxy-5α-angeloyloxy-7-deoxy-carvotacetone). Methanol extract of the same plant when subjected for isolation offered a new flavone (5,4''-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-3''-methoxyflavone) and eight known compounds, namely, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2′-propenyl)-phenol, vanillic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid, methyl gallate, uridine, 3''-methylquercetin and quercetin.