مرزا فرحت اﷲ بیگ دہلوی
اس مہینہ کاایک ادبی حادثہ مرزا فرحت اﷲ بیگ دہلوی کی وفات ہے۔ مرزاصاحب مولوی نذیر احمد صاحب دہلوی کے شاگرد تھے لیکن حق یہ ہے کہ زبان کی شگفتگی، انداز بیان کی دلکشی اورعبارت کی چستی و حلاوت میں شاگرد استادسے سبقت لے گیا تھا۔ اب ملک میں جس قسم کے ادیب پیداہورہے ہیں اس کے پیش نظر توقع نہیں کہ کوئی آئندہ’’دلی کا آخری مشاعرہ‘‘یا’’پھول والوں کی سیر‘‘کی پرانی داستانیں اس کمال سحرکاری کے ساتھ سُنا سکے گا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کی مغفرت فرمائے اورپسماندگان کوصبرجمیل کی توفیق ارزاں ہو۔
[مئی۱۹۴۷ء]
Background: Black Cumin/Nigella sativa (NS) which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae commonly grows in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Western Asia. Its prolonged use can produce physiological changes with or without affecting the architecture of different organs like the heart (cardiac remodeling). The data for the cardiovascular benefits of black cumin are not well-established scientifically. Objectives: To determine the direct cardiovascular effects of Nigella Sativa extract on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical force), ECG, and coronary flow in the normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on forty-two (42) rabbits. These rabbits were divided into seven groups, each comprising six animals (Group I-VI without cardiac remodeling and Group VII with cardiac remodeling). NS was given to these groups in different doses i.e, Group I (NS=10ug), Group II (NS=30ug), Group III (NS=100ug), Group IV (NS=300ug), Group V (NS=3000ug), Group VI (NS=10000ug) and VII (NS=300ug). Radnoti's working heart system was used to determine the effects of NS on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical Force), ECG, and coronary flow in a normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 28. Results: Results of this study revealed negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects without ECG changes in the normal heart and with ECG changes in the remodeled heart. Conclusions: Prolonged use of Nigella sativa can lead to disturbed ECG by affecting the conducting tissue.
This study tries to show the economic and strategic relations of Pakistan and Iran since 1947 when Pakistan came in world’s history. Keeping into consideration with the history of two countries since 1947, it focuses on their bilateral economic developments and strategic relations in the context of the regional security. This study is conducted on the basis of qualitative methodology and seeks to build the narrative and historical explanations about the relations between Pakistan and Iran. It collects and analyzes the primary and secondary data regarding them. The regional factors, which have mainly influenced them, are America, the former Soviet Union, Afghanistan, India and the Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia. America is one of the important and influential factors for the international relations since the 20th century. Thus, this study also shows that the economic and strategic relations of Pakistan and Iran have been affected respectively on the basis of their own relations with America. Iran had been the mediator between Pakistan and America before 1979’s Iranian Islamic Revolution, while Pakistan has taken the Iran’s role between Iran and America since the incident. The Afghan problems have also been important to the relations between Pakistan and Iran, since the clashes of Pakistan and Iran’s national security and interests have been visualized over them. India and the Arab world have also been significant factors to the relations of Pakistan and Iran. The closer relations between Iran and India have been threat against Pakistan, just as those of Pakistan and the Arab does against Iran. This study shows the different phases of Pakistan and Iran’s economic and strategic relations affected by those diverse regional factors. The important phases of the Pakistan and Iran’s relations are considered after the outbreak of Iranian Islamic Revolution and the Soviet-Afghan war in 1979 and A Study of Pakistan and Iran’s Economic and Strategic Relations in the Context of Regional Security xxxix 9/11 of 2001 by this study. The relations between Pakistan and Iran have generally been concentrated not on economic cooperation but on the regional strategy for maintaining of security. Even though there have been continuous efforts by Pakistan and Iran to enhance their economic relations, the trade volume has generally decreased. This study tries to explain the economic and strategic relations of Pakistan and Iran on the basis of the correlations of American and the above-mentioned regional factors.