رام لعل نابھوی
قارئین معارف اور اردو کے شیدائیوں کو جناب رام لعل نابھوی کے انتقال کی خبر سن کر بڑا دکھ ہوگا، وہ ہندوؤں کی اس نسل سے تعلق رکھتے تھے جو اردو کو اپنی زبان اور مسلمانوں سے زیادہ اس پر اپنا حق سمجھتی تھی، وہ کہتے تھے کہ نہ زبان کا کوئی مذہب ہے اور نہ اس پر کسی قوم اور گروہ کی اجارہ داری ہے۔
پروانہ چراغِ دیر و حرم نہ داند
رام لعل صاحب بڑے زود نویس تھے مگر ان کا قلم پختہ اور منجھا ہوا تھا اور وہ موزوں طبع بھی تھے خاکہ و مزاح نگاری میں ان کو زیادہ کمال حاصل تھا لیکن ان کا اصل میدان تلاش و تحقیق تھا، پچھلے کئی برسوں سے معارف میں ان کے مضامین برابر شایع ہورہے تھے، اپنی اس کدو کاوش سے وہ یہ بتانا چاہتے تھے کہ ہندوؤں کے پُرکھوں نے اردو ہی نہیں فارسی اور عربی کی بھی مفید خدمت انجام دی ہے اور مسلمانوں کے بزرگوں کی خدمات برج بھاشا اور سنسکرت میں کم نہیں ہیں۔
ہندو مذہب میں راسخ العقیدگی کے باوجود وہ مسلمانوں سے بغض و نفرت نہیں کرتے تھے، دوسرے شریف ہندوؤں کی طرح انہیں بھی بابری مسجد مسمار کیے جانے پر بڑا دکھ تھا مگر وہ کہتے تھے کہ بعض مسلمانوں نے بھی مندر توڑے ہیں اس لیے ان واقعات کو بار بار دہرانے سے زخم ہرا ہوگا۔
دل میں درد مندی، طبیعت میں شرافت، مروت اور انکسار تھا، ایک بار لکھنؤ میں ملاقات ہوئی تو ان کی ان خوبیوں اور علم و ادب سے شغف و انہماک کا اندازہ ہوا، مجھے لے کر کئی کتب خانوں اور کتابوں کی دوکانوں پر گئے اور جلدی جلدی کچھ نوٹ تیار کیا، اس پر متاسف تھے کہ وقت کی تنگی کی وجہ سے میرے ساتھ ندوہ...
Diseases are recognized as one of the major restrictions to sustainable animal production which can cause significant economic loss in aquaculture. Even though there are various chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics and disinfectants in practice from centuries. Antibiotics have the potential to cause unwanted side effects as well as microbes get resistant against them. Now there is also a lot of research going to see the potential of natural products against pathogens. Tradescantia pallida purpurea plant has various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannis and phenolic compounds Objective: The present study was conducted to testefficacy of Tradescantia pallida purpurea in chloroform extract against fish pathogens and also a comparison in methods (well diffusion and disc diffusion) was made Methods: Four fish pathogens (NP1, NP4, SCC4 and TS1) were isolated after morphological and biochemical tests. Erythromycin was used as control. 10 µg/ml chloroform leaf extract was used by well diffusion and disc diffusion Results: It was noticed that well-diffusion assay was better to inhibit growth of fish isolates as compared to disc diffusion method. It was noticed that Tradescantia pallidahaspotential to inhibit growth of pathogens. Conclusions: So, there is a need to plan a comprehensive study to recommend the maximum dose that is helpful to control fish pathogens.
Home environment plays important role in the overall development of a child. It provides a child with a lot of opportunities to develop socially as well as cognitively. Keeping in mind the importance of home environment for various aspects of a child's development, this study explored the influence of home environment on numeracy skills development of grade 2 students in one of the private schools in district Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan. A qualitative research paradigm was used to explore the topic. Two parents, two mathematics teachers and two children studying at grade 2, through purposive sampling were selected from one of the union councils of Gupis tehsil in district Ghizer. Data was collected using interviews, home environment observations, and document analysis of the children. The study has produced some key findings such as beliefs of parents about home environment and numeracy skills development, children's numeracy skills experiences at home, different aspect of the home environment like social, emotional and physical environment. Also, Social, economic and educational background of the parents and home school relationship were reflected as major findings of the study. It was found that home environment plays vital role in developing children numeracy skills development because children undergo certain formal and informal experiences at home. Role of parents is also of paramount importance to develop children's numeracy skills in home context. It was also evident that stable social economic and educational background of the parents is a supporting factor for development of mathematical concepts. Besides, home school strong relationship plays key role in supporting children to develop their numeracy skills. Thus, the finding of the study will be helpful for the teachers of mathematics as well as the head of the school in order to bring change in teaching and learning processes particularly in mathematics learning by involving parents and considering home environment important for the children development.