دروازہ
دہلیز پہ بیٹھی ایک بڑھیا چہرے کی جھریاں سہلا رہی تھی
اس کی دھندلائی آنکھیں بیتے دنوں پہ نوحہ کناں تھیں
جیسے یادوں کی آگ آنسوئوں سے بجھا رہی ہو
نحیف ہاتھوں میں وقت کا تحفہ تھامے
ڈھلکتے آنچل سے بے خبر نجانے کن دنیائوں میں گم تھی
اپنی صدا سے دور کئی صدائوں میں گم
دھندلی آنکھوں سے ماضی میں جھانک رہی تھی
وہ دل کش چہرے اور حسین منظر
کچی دیواریںاور کھلے در
Islam teach us complete way of life. It guides human to face any circumstance from birth to death such as clothing and appearance etc, Beard on male face is one of those guidance, through which male can be differentiated from female. Quran and Sunnah, Ijma and Qiyas (four principles of sharia) has made beard a part of human and Islamic nature. Due to this beard is obligatory and not having beard on face and large mustaches on face is the appearance of non-Muslims. And we are ordered to oppose that appearance. And by leaving beard less than one hand is forbidden, and group of many sins. And Hazrath Muhammad (SAW) also hate them. And according to sharia having beard on face have a lot of benefits for health and not having beard on face is much harmful for health. And cutting beard more than one hand is allowed and as well evident that it is Sunnah and Mustahib, because it is the original quantity of beard. And also it is based on the principles of nature and common sense instead of copying.
Increasing anthropogenic activities are inducing negative impact on environment as well as on human health. In the current scenario of global change, people are more conscious about natural products. Toxic chemical dyes are one of the major pollutants. Vegetable left over material are an excellent source of natural dyes. The extraction experiments results indicated that better extraction of natural colorants from different vegetables depends on the nature and concentration of extraction media. The highest concentration of colorants have been achieved for revival of natural dyes are gaining popularity among the consumers. Present work has been conducted to explore the colorant potential of vegetable residual material using different extraction media. Results showed that black carrot, red carrot, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, lady finger, bitter gourd, turnip, sugar beet, tomato and cucumber leaves in 2% acidified methanol, in 9.0 g NaOH, in 4% acidified methanol, 3% acidified methanol, in 100% methanol, in 2% of acid, in 3% of acid, in 2% of acidified methanol, in 5% methanolic KOH, in 80% methanol and in 2% methanolic KOH, respectively gave maximum colorant in term of highly significant results. Among all plants, tomato and cucumber leaves gave minimum colorant solubility in all extraction media. Optimization of varying dyeing parameters such as time, temperature, salt concentration, material to liquor ratio and pH of best dye extracts has been performed to investigate the optimized dyeing conditions. Using optimized dye extracts, chemical and bio pre and post mordanting has been performed to achieve different color shades onto mordanted cotton fabrics. Bio mordanting comparatively produced darker shade on cotton fabrics than chemical mordanting. Optimized chemical and bio pre and post mordanted fabrics showed excellent rating of light, washing, dry and wet rubbing fastness. Qualitative phytochemical determination of vegetable residues showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, fats and sugars respectively. FTIR showed the confirmation of phytochemicals by presence of functional groups, like hydroxyl group, alkenes, alkane, ketones and aromatic groups in vegetable dye extract. The dyed cotton fabrics and vegetable dye extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial activity. The vegetable based dyes could be eco-friendly replacement of hazardous dyes.