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Home > Studies on the Gondwana Flora of the Salt Range, 1983

Studies on the Gondwana Flora of the Salt Range, 1983

Thesis Info

Author

Rass Masood Khan

Department

Faculty of Science,Department of Botany

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1983

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676728897783

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احسان اللہ ثاقب

احسان اللہ ثاقب
احسان اللہ ثاقب(۱۹۴۲ئ۔۲۰۱۴ئ) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف رومانوی شاعری فاخر ہریانوی کے بیٹے ہیں- اعلی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد محکمہ تعلیم میں ملازمت اختیار کی۔ (۹۴۶)آپ کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’شہرِ غزل‘‘ کے نام سے معراج پر نٹرز لاہورسے ۲۰۰۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس کے علاوہ کچھ شعری مسودات ہیں جو شائع نہیں ہو سکے۔ احسان اللہ ثاقب غزل گو شاعر ہیں۔ ان کا اردو ادب میں بڑا کارنامہ یہ ہے کہ انھوں نے اپنے شعری مجموعے ’’شہرِ غزل‘‘ میں بیس بحور کے چھیاسی اوزان میں بڑی خوبصورتی سے طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ آج ارد وشاعری میں کوئی قدآور شاعر بھی اتنی تعداد میں بحور اور اوزان میں شعر نہیں کہہ سکا ہے۔ انھوں نے ایک نئی بحر کا بھی اضافہ کیا ہے۔ جسے انھوںنے ’’بحرِ مترنم‘‘ کانام دیا ہے۔ یہ بحر تمام عروضی تقاضوں کو پورا کرتی ہے۔
حوصلہ مندی ،بلند فکری ،اخلاقیات، پیارو محبت،سماجی شعور اور توحید احسان اللہ ـثاقب کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں۔ اس حوالے سے نمونہ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:
جسم کے روح سے رابطے ہیں بہت

اس تعلق میں بھی فاصلے ہیں بہت

عمر درکار ہے اس سفر کے لیے

ہجر سے وصل تک مرحلے ہیں بہت
(۹۴۷)

ہمیں چلنا ہے ترچھے زاویوں پر

مگر رہنا ہے پھر بھی راستوں پر
(۹۴۸)

کوئی ہمدرد نہ جذبوں کا شناسا نکلا

جس کو چاہا تھا وہی خون کا پیاسا نکلا

لاکھ اصنام ہیں اک بھی نہ خدا سا نکلا

جو بھی سورج کے مقابل تھا دیا سا نکلا
(۹۴۹)
ثاقبؔ کسی سے ترکِ محبت کے باوجود
سو رنگ کے عذاب لیے پھر رہا ہوں میں (۹۵۰)

PENERAPAN METODE ABA (APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PERILAKU, INTERKASI SOSIAL, BAHASA DAN KOMUNIKASI ANAK AUTIS

Method in improving behavioral abilities, social interactions, communication and language of autistic children in Taman Pelatihan Harapan Makassar. This type of research is qualitative descriptive which is factually and systematically describes the description of the ABA method (Applied Behavior -Analysis applied to the learning process of autistic children in Taman Pelatihan Harapan). The study uses psychological, sociological, and pedagogical approach. The source of data in this study is the therapist of the Taman Pelatihan Makassar, and parents of autistic children. The results of the study show that the ABA method is a method applied to autistic children through behavioral habituation that can increase the personality capacity of autistic children, especially ability in behavior, social interaction, communication and language. This is caused by several supporting factors such as therapists who master the application of the ABA method, the infrastructure that supports it, and good collaboration between parents and therapists.

Studies on Synchronization of Estrus and Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols in Non-Descript Cattle Bos Indicus of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Artificial insemination (AI) after estrus induction is one of the best reproductive bio-techniques that will help in progressing animal agriculture into the new era. Reproductive efficiency of cow and heifer is an important factor that influence the profitability of any dairy enterprise. Different experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of estrus synchronization protocols through estrus response and fertility rate in cattle during non-breeding and breeding seasons. Determination of time of ovulation and ovulatory response through peripheral LH surge, progesterone (P4) rise and follicular dynamics were also studied during non-breeding season. A total of 312 non-descript cows and heifers (averaging 3 to 4 years) with body condition score (BCS) ranges between 3.0 to 3.5 were randomly assigned to receive Ovsynch, CIDR alone and CO-Synch+CIDR protocols. Animals were inseminated at 16 h after the injection of second GnRH in Ovsynch, and 48 h after CIDR removal in CIDR inserted groups. The duration of induced estrus in non-descript cows was similar (P = 0.79) to natural estrus whereas, the duration of standing heat was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in induced cows (9.69 ± 0.62 h) compared to non-induced cows (6.66 ± 0.80 h). The results revealed that the Ovsynch protocol was slightly better in terms of inducing heat and enhanced the conception rate (CR) in indigenous cows under farm (87.5%) and field (50.0%) conditions during non-breeding season. In case of non-descript heifers, duration of induced estrus with an average of 18.63 ± 1.03 h, similar (P > 0.05) to natural estrus (18.00 ± 1.58 h). However, a significant difference (P < 0.05, t(18)= 2.515) was observed between the duration of induced (10.63 ± 0.60 h) and natural (8.25 ± 0.73 h) standing heat. It was observed that treatment with CO-Synch+CIDR enhanced the CR at timed artificial insemination (TAI; P > 0.05) in indigenous heifers under farm (50.0%) and field (33.33%) conditions during non-breeding season. To achieve further improvements in results, hormonal analysis and ultrasonography were performed to determine the time of ovulation and to establish the AI at a fixed time without the need for estrus detection. A better synchronous LH peak was observed in Ovsynch group (48.40 ± 0.40 h post PGF2α administration) compared to CIDR alone (71.67 ± 9.74 h) and CO-Synch+CIDR (54.86 ± 4.71 h) protocols. The ovulatory response was induced in 100% cows with Ovsynch and CO-Synch+CIDR protocols as indicated by LH surge and progesterone level; only 83.33% cows responded to CIDR alone treatment during non-breeding season (P > 0.05). The mean follicular diameter (13.98 ± 1.15), growth rate (1.43 ± 0.15) and ovulation rate was highest (100%) with Ovsynch treatment compared to CIDR alone and CO-Synch+CIDR, but the difference was non-significant (P > 0.05). The interval between PGF2α and ovulation was shorter in Ovsynch (77.0 ± 6.0 h) group compared to CIDR alone (93.60 ± 10.32 h) and CO-Synch+CIDR (79.20 ± 2.93 h) groups. The interval between LH surge and ovulation was 28.50 ± 5.85 h, 24.80 ± 7.31 h and 22.0 ± 5.55 h in Ovsynch, CIDR alone and COSynch+ CIDR groups respectively. During breeding season, CR/TAI was similar (47%) in all groups of non-descript cows under field conditions. It was observed that CO-Synch+CIDR treatment yielded the satisfactory (P < 0.05) conception rates under farm conditions compared to field conditions in non-descript heifers. The application of estrus synchronization protocols significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced the service period in non-descript cows and age at first calving in crossbred cows. It is concluded that during non-breeding season, Ovsynch can be an advantageous protocol for non-descript cows and CO-Synch+CIDR for heifers which showed good estrus expression and fertility, and thus, reduce the maintenance cost of dry animals, which in fact is of economic importance to the farmers. During breeding season conception rates at TAI were satisfactory in all groups of cows under field conditions. Treatment of cows and heifers with estrus induction protocols will yield acceptable pregnancy rates.