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The Decorative Elements and Their Motifs in the Tomb Architecture of Multan Style

Thesis Info

Author

Naseem Rana

Department

Faculty of Arts,Department of Fine Arts

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1997

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Fine Arts

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676728918161

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سی حرفی : ۱۰

سی حرفی ۔۸
(تن بیتاں وچ مکمل)
الف
آماہی، ’ب‘ بہت تھکی، ت تاہنگ تیری پئی مار دی اے
ث
ثابتی نہیں، ’ج‘ جگر باہجوں، ’ح‘ حالت گئی گھر بار دی اے
خ
خوشی گئی، ’د‘ دکھ بہتے، ’ذ‘ ذکر تے فکر سب یار دی اے
ر
رب وارث، ’ز‘ زاریاں دا، ’س‘ سک حنیف دیدار دی اے

ش
شوق لگا، ’ص‘ صادقاں دا، ’ض‘ ضعف نہیں کجھ نتار دا اے
ط
طوق پیا، ’ظ‘ ظالماں دا، ’ع‘ عاشقاں ہانگرا دار دا اے
غ
غم لگا، ’ف‘ فکر ڈاہڈا، ’ق‘ قسم مینوں شوق یار دا اے
ک
کون کٹے، ’ل‘ لکھ دتا،’م‘ مویاں نوں یار کیوں مار دا اے

ن
نیہہ ڈونگھی، چڑھی گھٹ کالی، اساں لنگھنا پہلڑے پور یارو
و
واہ کوئی نہیں، ہور راہ کوئی نہیں، ’ہ‘ ہڑ دا سماں ضرور یارو
لا
لا مکان دا پتہ دسے، ’ی‘ یاد نہ مان غرور یارو
ے
یار حنیف بھلائی دنیا، کیڈ پائے نیں عشق فتور یارو

٭٭٭٭٭٭

علوم حدیث پر برصغیر کی اردو کتب کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Hadith were account usually brief of the words and actions of the beloved Prophet, [May Allah Bless him and grant him peace]. As Such, they were subjected to intense security by generations of Muslim Scholars. The Principles to authenticate and document this literature along with it peculiar terminology called Usool-e-Hadith. This unique Science is a historic achievement of early Muslim scholars, having and history of centuries contributing to its evolution. In the opinion of the Late 'Allama Rashid Rida of Egypt, "The Indian Muslims are playing the leading role in the diffusion and dissemination of Hadith learning in the world to-day. As a matter of fact, according to him, but for the painstaking labour of the Indian Muslims towards the cultivation of the science of al-Hadith, it would have well nigh died down." A number of Scholars in the Indo-Pak sub-continent have produced an extensive work on the subject in Urdu language as well, during last century. My Research work focuses on analytical study of the same books on Usool-e-Hadith.

Application of Green Chemistry in the Synthesis of 2- 2- Fluorobiphenyl-4-Yl Propanoic Acid Derivatives

Present study complies with different principles of green chemistry utilizing efficient instrumental techniques i.e; microwaves, ultrasonic waves and replacement of hazardous solvents with greener ones. The overall progress of chemical reactions achieved through application of green chemistry, was compared with the traditional methods. In the first part of this research work, synthesis of N’-benzylidene-2-(2-fluorobiphenyl)propanehydrazides was carried out for which, 2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)propanoic acid was esterified to methyl 2-(2- fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)propanoate under the influence of microwaves followed by its hydrazinolysis. 2-(2-Fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)propanehydrazide thus obtained, was then reacted in an ultrasonic bath with different benzaldehydes to get a series of N’-benzylidene-2-(2- fluorobiphenyl)propanehydrazides. In the second series, 2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)propane hydrazide was converted to 4-amino-5- [1-(2-fluoro-biphenyl-4-yl)-ethyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiole followed by its reaction with different benzaldehydes under conventional and green technologies to get a series of 4- (benzylidene-amino)-5-[1-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiole compounds. In another series, different substituted chalcones were prepared by clasian condensation method which were then reacted with 2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl) propane hydrazide in a mixture of water and ethanol to get a series of 2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-propionic acid(1,3- diphenyl-allylidene)-hydrazide. These reactions were conducted utilizing green technologies and were compared with using conventional methods. Comparison of both the conventional and microwaves/ultrasound assisted reactions indicates a significant reduction in reaction times and improvement in reaction yields. Besides, chemical characterization and X-ray crystallography of selected compounds, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-oxidant potential [Total anti-oxidant activity, ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic contents], and analgesic activities using (tail flick, hot plate and writhing methods) and most of them were found to possess potential as lead compounds for drug discovery.