"کماری والا " میں پس ماندگی کے مظاہر
دسمبر2020ء میں ناطق کا دوسرا ناول کماری والا ہندوستان سے شائع ہوا۔ ’’نو لکھی کوٹھی ‘‘ناول کی صورت میں نثر میں پہلی کامیابی کے بعد یہ ان کی دوسری کاوش ہے۔اردو ادب میں ایسے ضخیم ناول بہت کم ہیں۔ مصنف کے ناول اردو ناول کی تاریخ کے لیے روشن باب کی طرح ہیں۔ناول میں اس نے رواں نثر کا مظاہرہ کیا ہے اور یہ کسی بھی اچھے ناول کے لیے بہت ضروری ہے کہ اس کی نثر رواں ہو ، جزئیات نگاری سے کام لیا گیا ہواور آسان ہو۔اس نے اردو ادب میں جو نئی چیز کا اضافہ کیا وہ ہیان کی علاقائی زبان کے الفاظ۔بھلے ہی الفاظ کو صرف اس علاقے سے تعلق رکھنے والا فرد ہی پڑھ سکتا ہے لیکن رواں نثر ہونے کی وجہ سے قاری جب نثر میں آنے والے نئے الفاظ کو پڑھتا ہے تو جلد ہی اسے ان الفاظ کی سمجھ آجاتی ہے کہ وہ اس سے یہ بات سمجھانا چاہ رہے ہیں اور یقیناًیہ ایک نئے اضافے کے ساتھ ساتھ ایک عمدہ کاوش و تخلیق بھی ہے۔
ناول میں ایک علاقائی خوشبو آتی ہے،جو الفاظ کے ذخیرے میں بھی اضافے کا باعث بنتی ہے۔مصنف نے کہانی کو بہت عمدگی سے پھیلایا ہے۔ایک ایسی کہانی جو نسلوں پر محیط ہے۔ جس علاقے کی بات وہ کر رہے ہوتے ہیں اس کے بارے میں وہ تفصیلاًبتا تے ہیں۔ وہاں کا رہن سہن ،ماحول، آب و ہوا، علاقے کے خدوخال، یہاں تک کہ وہاں کے مشہور و مصروف لوگ، سوغات اور اچھی بڑی تمام باتوں کو اس طرح بتاتے ہیں کہ ہر نیا پڑھنے والا قاری جو پہلی بار اس علاقے کے بارے میں پڑھ رہا ہے وہ جان جاتا ہے کہ یہ علاقہ...
After reading the whole books and find out the interpretation, there were various sayings, the meanings and interpretations of the verses of Quran. The reader does not have the capability to select correct and incorrect. He does not know what to do about the various interpretations. At first the people of Mecca knew the status of Revelation; they do not need to explain that revelation, because it was their native language while the Prophet (S.A.W) explains it in detail. After the earlier periods, it was necessary to adapt some rules to know the correct sayings, that rules were already include the Quran itself, in the Sunnah, in the Quranic Sciences, in the books of fundamentals of Jurisprudence, and in the books of Quranic Sciences. Later on, however, wrote the books as contemporary independent science as such as book of Husain Al Ḥarbī named (قواعد الترجيح عند المفسرين) and book written by Khalid Al Sabbath named (قواعد التفسير جمعاً ودراسةً). These rules of preference are most important as with the help of these rules, the books of interpretation can be clarified from incorrect sayings. These rules are various, including, related to Quranic text, Sunnah, the views of Companions, the evidence, or related to the linguistics of Arabs. The preference proves the strength of a saying or strengthens an aspect than others through rules of preference. One of the objectives of this research is that the rules of preference can distinguish between correct and incorrect interpretation. The researcher recommended attention to these rules of preference and to study it as a separate subject to get full benefit from the books of interpretation.
This study was basically about effectiveness of elementary school health program: Perception of school heads and teachers. This research was basically quantitative descriptive in nature. It was conducted in Sargodha, Chakwal, and Rawalpindi districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The target respondents were Teachers, Head Teachers and School Health&Nutritional Supervisor. For data collection three questionnaires were developed by researcher herself. The questionnaires were divided among sample of 89 head teachers 89 trained teacher and 15 Health and Nutrition Supervisors. Data was collected by researcher and analyzed with the help of SPSS.Mean score, standard deviation, Independent Sample t-test and ANOVAwere calculated to interpret results from data. With respect to first objective of the study which was to explore the health services and screening provided at elementary school level. It is concluded that there are many services provided by healthprogram like there is Continuous training is provided, manual is provided, health assessment is provided. Second objective was to evaluate the competence and health/hygiene concepts of SH&NS to provide health services as per plan. It is concluded that according to heads, and teachers of schools; the supervisors are competent in vast areas like they are aware to deal emergency, they developed different health care plans, and they explained clearly all aspects of manual. Third objective was to assess the improvements brought about in quality of lives of elementary school students under School Health Program. It is concluded that a lot of visible improvements brought by this program in quality of lives of students like; awareness in students is developed, it ensure polio free society, it improves school environment. Fourth objective was to make comparison between the performance of male and female teachers in preaching life skill based hygiene education. No significant difference was found in term of gender in performance of teachers in preaching life skill based hygiene education. Fifth objective was to highlight the weaknesses and strengths of the health services program through teachers and head teachers? perception and to mark gaps between program objectives and outcomes. It is concluded that strengths of the program are it provides information about cleanliness. While on the other hand weaknesses are there is insufficient visits of SH&NS, insufficient materials in manual, screening services are not enough. Keeping in view the findings and conclusion of the study following reconditions were proposed to implement in future; there should be enough manuals and other helping content that should be provided to teachers and students for better spread of awareness. Government may need to expand the program and provide proper funding for this program to ensure proper implementation.