فیصل، شاہ ( شہید )
کل شیء ھالک الا وجھہ
گزشتہ مہینہ شاہ فیصل کاحادثۂ شہادت موجودہ حالات میں عالم اسلام کا سب سے بڑا المیہ ہے جس کی شدت کوایک مدت تک فراموش نہ کیاجاسکے گا۔ مرحوم اس زمانہ میں عالم اسلام کی آبرو، عزت و وقار اورتمکنت تھے۔ قدرت نے انھیں سوز اورساز دونوں نعمتوں سے نوازا تھا۔کہنے کوخادم حرمین شریفین تھے لیکن درحقیقت وہ پاسبان ونگہبان حرم اسلام تھے۔ نورایمان ویقین ان کاجوہر ذاتی، تعامل بالکتاب والسنۃ ان کاآئین حقیقی، فہم وفراست اورتدبر و دوراندیشی ان کی طبیعت کے گوہر آبدار تھے۔ مرحوم کی سربراہی کی مدت گیارہ برس سے زیادہ نہیں ہے، اوریہ وہ زمانہ ہے جب کہ عالم اسلام اندرونی وبیرونی اسباب وعوامل کے باعث شدید کشمکش امید وبیم سے دوچار تھااوراس کے سرپر اضطراب وتشویش کی قیامتیں مچل رہی تھیں، لیکن شاہ فیصل کی قائدانہ بصیرت وبصارت نے وہ معجزہ نمائی کی کہ عالم ہی دوسرا ہوگیا۔ امریکہ جواس وقت دنیا کی سب سے بڑی طاقت و قوت ہے اورسیاست’’ فرنگ‘‘__جواس دور کا سب سے بڑاحربہ ہے، دونوں نے اس طرح سپرافگنی کی کہ روس اورامریکہ کے بجائے عالم کی نظریں شاہ کی جنبش مژگان وآبروپرمرتکز ہوگئیں اورامریکہ کے ٹائمز وغیرہ کوتسلیم کرنا پڑا کہ اس زمانہ کاسب سے بڑاسیاسی اورطاقتور انسان شاہ فیصل ہیں۔ یہ انھی کا حوصلہ تھا کہ عرب کی طاقت کالوہا دنیا سے منوالیا،انھوں نے عرب ممالک میں اتحاد پیدا کیا، انھیں خوداعتمادی سکھائی، عرب قومیت کی لعنت سے نجات دلا کرانھیں صراط مستقیم پر گامزن کیا۔ان کے دل میں اسلام اورمسلمانوں کادرد کوٹ کوٹ کر بھرا ہوا تھا۔ انھوں نے اربوں اورکھربوں روپیہ سے ضرورت مند عرب اوردوسرے عرب اسلامی ممالک کی بے تحاشا مدد کی، دنیا میں جہاں کہیں بھی مسلمان آباد ہیں ان پر اُن کی نگاہ رہتی اوراُن کے فوزوفلاح کی تدبیر...
Islamic Shariah provides a complete code of life, as man can take guidance from Shariah, regarding each and every aspect of his life. Commerce plays a pivot role in human life which has been mentioned time and again in Quran and Hadith. According to one Tradition, Allah has affixed and set 10 parts of sustenance and in these ten parts, nine are in Trade. In Shariah the luminary Islamic scholars and jurists have deputed peculiar and separate subjects with different titles regarding Trade, the most famous and acknowledged are "Kitab-ul-Mutajir" and "Kitab-ul-Biyou". Islam elevates and upgrades those who toil and labour hard, among them the Labourer has prominent state and he is above all among them. According to the sacred utterance of Hazrat Muhammad SAWW: "You should pay the labourer his wages before his sweat dries away”. In the present era, no one can deny this fact that this world has become a global village, therefore new ways and system of commercial are in vogue and being applied besides some traditional ways. Such as Banking System, E-Purchasing, Online shopping and some other modes and means. In these traditional, latest and new trading systems, usually the labourers are being exploited because they are given less poor wages than their rigorous toilsome labour. However in the under discussion article the labourer rights and their utmost implementation in the trade of present era would be reviewed and analyzed in the light of Seerat-ulNabi SAWW.
The anharmonic effects at/near the surfaces of noble metals in the presence of adparticles have been presented at 300, 500 and 700 K temperatures. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out for Cu(111), Cu(311), Cu(210) and Ag(111) surfaces using realistic many-body interatomic potentials obtained from the Embedded Atom Methods (EAM). In a comparative study of the structure and the dynamics of the close packed as well as open surfaces, the calculated shifts in the interlayer spacing, mean square displacement, surface diffusion and surface defects (fissure, dislocation and vacancy) show the onset of anharmonic effects at the characteristic temperatures. Fir the Cu(311) surface interlayer relaxations show a uniform damping in magnitude of oscillatory order (-, +, - , +, . . . ), while for the Cu(210) surface they reveal a non-uniform damping in magnitude with moving away from the surface. The plane registry relaxation at both (311) and (210) surfaces exhibits no order for damping. The diffusion of adatoms on the (111) surface of Ag and Cu has been studied to examine the surface anharmonicity. The diffusion coefficient, effective energy barrier and diffusion prefactor of Cu pentamer on Ag(111) are calculated. The MD simulations at 300, 500 and 700 K show that the diffusivity obeys the Arrhenius Law. An Arrhenius plot of the diffusion coefficients provides an effective energy barrier of 205.25 ±10 meV and a diffusion prefactor 5.549× 1012 Å2/s. A striking feature of a pop-up of single-atom at 700 K among 5-atom island is observed. The effective energy barrier obtained from the xiii Arrhenius plot is in excellent agreement with those extracted from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. During the diffusion of Cu- and Ag-trimer on Cu- and Ag(111) surfaces at 300, 500 and 700 K temperatures, the constant energy MD simulation are consistent with anharmonic effects at the surface such as fissures, dislocations and vacancy generation in the presence of a island. The fissures and dislocations formed are in the range of 1.5–4 Å and 1–7 Å respectively from the island position. The Cu and Ag islands both diffuse easily on the Cu(111) surface, and indicate that diffusion is faster on the Cu surface as compared to the Ag surface. The process of breaking and opening of the island has been also observed. A surface atom is popped-up at 700 K by generating a vacancy near the Cu island at the Ag surface. The energy of vacancy generation at the Ag surface is found to be Ev = 1.078 eV, in the presence of a Cu trimer. The popped-up Ag adatom combines with Cu the trimer, making a mixed-tetramer (Cu3–Ag island). The adsorption energy of a copper atom from the mixed tetramer island into the substitutional site is Es = ∼– 0.813 eV, leaving a mixed-trimer (Cu2–Ag island) at Ag(111). The rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature, both for homo and hetero cases. Furthermore, we comment on the effect of adparticles diffusion on the harmonic behavior of the surfaces in the anharmonic regime.