نیاز فتح پوری
گزشتہ مہینہ نیاز فتح پوری کی وفات اکیاسی (۸۱) سال کی عمر میں کراچی میں ہوگئی، معارف کو ان کی پچھلی زندگی میں ان کے بعض دلآزار مذہبی مضامین سے بڑا اختلاف رہا، لیکن انھوں نے اظہار انابت کرکے آخر میں مذہبی دلآزادی چھوڑ دی تھی، ان کے علمی ذوق میں بڑی رنگارنگی تھی، رسالہ نگار کے اڈیٹر ہونے کے ساتھ، مذہب تاریخ، سوانح، ناول نگاری، افسانہ نویسی اور شعر و ادب پر بھی طبع آزمائی کرتے رہے اپنے بعض مذہبی مضامین کی وجہ سے تو مطعون ہوئے، اچھے مورخ اور اچھے سوانح نگار بھی نہ ہوسکے، لیکن ان کا نام اچھے ناول نگار عمدہ افسانہ نویس اور شعرو ادب کے بلندپایہ نقاد کی حیثیت سے اردو زبان کی تاریخ میں خصوصیت کے ساتھ برابر لیا جائے گا، وہ اپنے رسالہ نگار کے ذریعہ جو علمی و ادبی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے وہ بھی ان کے اہم کارناموں میں شمار ہوگا، دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کی کمزوریوں کو اپنے دامن عفو میں جگہ دیں اور ان کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائیں، آمین۔
(صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، جون ۱۹۶۶ء)
Zoroastrianism is an ancient Iranian religion founded by an Iranian Prophet and scholar Zoroaster. It is claimed by some foremost scholars that this is the most ancient religion of the world which influenced the other major religions of the world like, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The main source to know the Zoroastrianism is Avesta, Denkart and Bundahishn (sacred books) from which we know the terminologies and traditions of this religion. Main two spirits are Ahura mazda (god of pleasure and goodness) and Ahriman (god of evil) and seven more main spirits which are called as angels are Amesha spentas which show the actual spirit and direction of this ancient religion. Some of the concepts and traditions are same which exists in Islam but with different names and features, like prayers and matters after death, heaven and hell. In this article, main focus is on tradition and terminologies of this ancient religion to know its actual spirit to get the basic information and main themes for initial reader of this religion from Islamic theological pers-pective. No doubt, Zoroastrianism is one the amended religions exist on earth yet because of the similarity of various rituals with Islam. However, Zoroastrianism is being considered reve-aled religion and Zoroaster as true prophet of Allah.
Ernest Hemingway''s Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea is an extraverted individual who is rarely ever home; he is usually out there in the sea. On the other hand, he lives a lonely life and is secluded from the people around him. He thinks of himself as a champion angler who, despite his old age, can catch big fish. He dreams of his past glory and hopes that once again he will be what he was in his youth. His desire to be the champion angler once again blinds him to his old age. Lonely and alone, Manolin, Santiago''s apprentice-boy believes in him and in his dream. He is the only companion that he has both in the sea and on the land. Santiago thinks the world of himself in being the ''champion angler'' which he was in his youth. The long dry spell of not being able to catch fish has made him sceptical and has earned him the title, ''salao,'' from his peers. In addition to repeating his past feats, he wants to prove to his people that he is more than what they think of him. While his strict adherence to the old and traditional ways to catch fish shows his love and attachment with the sea and fishing, it also shows how he has failed to stay in touch with time. Thus his personality is lopsided, which prevents him from partaking in the mainstream life; hence being marginalized and ostracized. He will continue to face such problems until he compromises a sense of himself between what he thinks he is and what the world around him thinks of him: he has to re-connect with his unconscious as Jung would say.