مولوی ریاض حسن خان خیالؔ
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ مظفر پور بہار کے مشہور صاحب علم اور علم دوست رئیس مولوی ریاض حسن خان خیال نے اُناسی (۷۹) سال کی عمر میں انتقال کیا، وہ اور اُن کے بڑے بھائی مولوی اعجاز حسن خان مرحوم قدیم مشرقی تہذیب و شرافت اور قدامت و وضعداری کا نمونہ تھے اﷲ تعالیٰ نے ان کو دولت دنیا کے ساتھ علم کی دولت سے بھی نوازا تھا اُن کا خاندان صوبہ بہار کے تاریخی اور صاحب وجاہت خاندان میں تھا، دونوں بھائی صاحب علم و نظر اور وسعتِ معلومات کے لحاظ سے زندہ کتب خانہ تھے، اعجاز حسن خان مرحوم کے مضامین الندوہ اور معارف وغیرہ میں نکلتے رہتے تھے، اس علمی ذوق کی بنا پر اُن کے بہت سے ہم عصر اصحاب علم و کمال سے اُن کے تعلقات تھے، مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے خاص دوستوں میں تھے، مکاتیب شبلی میں ریاض حسن خان کے نام کے بہت سے خطوط ہیں، مولانا مرحوم جب پٹنہ جاتے تو انہی کے مہمان ہوتے تھے، اس سلسلہ میں ایک ادبی لطیفہ قابل ذکر ہے۔
ایک مرتبہ مولانا ان کے مہمان تھے، ریاض حسن خان کی طبیعت کچھ نا ساز تھی، وہ دوسرے کمرے میں تھے، مولانا جب اُن کی مزاج پرسی کے لیے پردہ اُٹھا کر کمرہ میں داخل ہوئے تو ریاض حسن خان احتراماً اٹھ کر بیٹھ گئے، مولانا نے فرمایا آپ بیمار ہیں تکلف نہ کیجئے لیٹے رہئے، ریاض حسن خان نے اس کے جواب میں مولانا کا یہ شعر پڑھ دیا۔
باہمہ دعویٰ تمکین نتوان خواست زمن
کہ تو از پردہ بدر آئی و بر جا ہاشم
یہ برجستہ جواب سُن کر مولانا بہت محظوظ ہوئے اعجاز حسن خان مرحوم کا انتقال فروری ۱۹۳۹ء میں ہوا تھا، ۱۴ سال کے بعد چھوٹے بھائی بھی بڑے بھائی سے جاملے، وہ...
Almighty sent his chosen prophets to every Ummah to teach them the lesson of goodness and to avoid evil. The purposes of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) were reform processes: to teach and guide, and pushed the people to Almighty Allah. According to the narrative in Islamic law, everyone's either Muslim or non-Muslim, relative or/neighbor has determined the right to live things. And good conduct is that because Abdullah bin Mubarak said That is, "Meeting old habits, doing righteousness, and forbidding people to hurt you". If human behavior is good then its own life will also pass through fortune and joy, and it will also be the mercy and chain of things for others. Collective relations, interacting with the recipients, and the Family system, is proven to be a source of intelligence. The result of the happy moral is Reality and Heaven of Arman al-Rahman, and the fulfillment of the Prophecy is the wrath of Lord Koran and the Fire of Hell.
In this work Ag-Cu, Ag-Au and Au-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles of different compositions were synthesized by different methods i.e., polyol, aqueous polymer solution, co-reduction, reverse micellar, co-precipitation and chemical reduction methods. The synthesized alloy nanoparticles were characterized by UVVisible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM and EDS. The XRD pattern showed high crystallinity and phase formation of the nanoparticles. TEM evidenced the formation of Ag-Cu, Ag-Au and Au-Cu nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 10-15, 20-30 and 15-25 nm respectively. Ag-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles were coated over a well-polished glassy carbon electrode and the designed sensor was applied for the detection of a highly carcinogenic carbonyl compound, 2-butanone. Electrochemical studies revealed that polyethylene imine (PEI) used as a capping agent also enhances the sensing of the modified electrode for the recognition of 2-butanone. The sensor developed from AgCu (1:1) alloy nanoparticles showed the best sensing properties for the detection of 2- butanone as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a 0.1 μM detection limit. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with potentiodynamic polymerization of pyrrole into polypyrrole which was over oxidized in order to increase its sensitivity towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The electrode was further modified with Au-Ag bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. The fabricated GCE was successfully applied to detect an environmental toxin, pyrene. Ag and Au in ratio of 3:1, showed best response for the detection of pyrene with a detection limit of 0.1 µM. Au-Cu (1:3) alloy nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction method were intentially engineered with their desired ratio and chemical composition on the surface of clean GCE that was already fabricated with over oxidized poly pyrrole. This composite electrode (PPyox/Au-Cu/GCE) was successfully applied for the detection of environmental toxin anthracene (with lowest concentration, 0.15 μM). The effect of alloy nanoparticles was tested on seed germination frequency, antioxidant activity and biochemical characterization of medicinally important plants, Silybum marianum and Eruca sativa. Chemical composition of alloy nanoparticles, size and shape matters for nanoparticles to exert effect on plants. Phytotoxicity study of nanoparticles showed that bimetallic alloy nanoparticles are more stress inducing factor in plants acting as external factor that disturb the internal mechanisms of plant seeds. In response to the induced stresses, plants release secondary metabolites (protein content, flavonoids and phenolic contents), antioxidants and some important enzymes like super oxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) by their defensive mechanisms. The secondary metabolites produced in response to stress induced by bimetallic nanoparticles were also evaluated and it was found that nanoparticles of small size and high toxicity produce more secondary metabolites. Such secondary metabolites produced in medicinal plants have a great potential in treating the human ailments.