سیرت نگاری کی مشرقی و مغربی روایت: منتخب مصنفین کا تقابلی جائزہ

In the past, mode of Sirah writing was historical and descriptive but during the 19th century, this trend has been changed to the empirical research methodology. Due to religious devotion, unauthentic narrations were not judged and had been quoted constantly in Sirah literature on which orientalists laid the foundation of their objections. In response, various books are produced introducing argumentative, logical and scholarly way of writing to defend “Sirah of Prophet (PBUH)”. Question is what are the motives and causes which have changed classical trend of Sirah writing and what are its consequences? In this paper, a comparative analysis will be taken of books of Eastern Muslim scholars; Rehmatullah Keranwi, Syed Ahmad Khan, Karam Shah Alazhari, Shibli Noumani, Sana ullah Amertasri as well as Western Muslim scholars Mohammad Hussain Haykel, Hameed ullah, and Mohammad Asad. This paper will elaborate the difference between both of their research methodology and its effect in the field of Sirah writing and will be helpful for researchers.  

The Incidence of Early Upper Extremity Disability After Axillary Surgery in Patients With Early Breast Cancer

Background: The treatment of early breast cancer includes surgical removal of the tumor as well as evaluation of the axillary lymph node status. Axillary lymph node surgery, both sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection, is associated with upper arm morbidity that has been relatively understudied. The impact of this upper arm limitation has a direct effect on the patients’ quality of life. Determining the degree to which our patients experience this disability will enable the breast cancer unit to develop a prospective surveillance rehabilitative program. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the occurrence of upper extremity disability in patients with breast cancer undergoing axillary dissection, the relative risk of developing the above disability as quantified by a DASH score. Methods: A cohort study was performed on 2 arms of patients; grouped into a ‘late’ arm, who had undergone axillary surgery up to 2 years prior, and an ‘early’ arm, comprising of patients who were recruited after they had undergone axillary surgery up to 6 weeks prior. Data was collected using the DASH® questionnaire. Other variables including age and use of chemotherapy were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS to correlate the extent of arm disability with specific activities on the DASH questionnaire. Outcomes: The occurrence of upper extremity impairment with specific domains of the DASH score is presented. Results: There was significant upper extremity limitation as measured by the DASH score, which ranged between 50 and 54 for both cohorts studied. The main disability domain comprised of neuropathic symptoms. There was no difference in the DASH scores between patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and those who had axillary lymph node dissection. Conclusion: Patients undergoing treatment for early breast cancer experience limitations with their upper arm function. Interventions such as targeted rehabilitation program need to be offered as part of patient holistic care. Further longer term studies are required to quantify upper arm symptoms in this population