Metaphors of Wine, Cup and Tavern in Poetry of Rumi and Hafiz

Poetry is one of the most prominent spiritual genres of mystic literature. Most of the mystics have expressed their thoughts in poetry. Mystic poetry is replete with metaphors of “wine”, “cup”, “tavern” and “wine-bearer” although, in Islam, the use of wine is strictly prohibited. However, the mystic poets make repeated use of such metaphors. This paper aims to compare the use of the metaphor of wine, cup, and tavern in the poetry of Rumi and Hafiz. Further, it spotlights the hidden meaning of mystical metaphors to make it expressible. The current research is based on Ricoeur’s hermeneutic model of understanding text which Ricoeur calls the Hermeneutic Arc. This study concludes that the cornerstone ideology beyond the use of metaphors is to awaken the sleeping souls, the negation of material pursuit, and realization of spiritual truth---Divine love and unity with God. Hafiz focuses on freedom, an eternity of soul, joy, and immortality; further. While Rumi talks about enlightenment of soul, union with Beloved and strong faith. Rumi’s use of language, imagery, and ideas are more powerful than Hafiz.

Temporal Wind Energy Consistency Forecasting for Sindh and its Impacts

The rapidly increasing contribution of wind energy in to electrical energy in the World has demanded the need to design more practical mythologies for estimating the actual benefits of introducing wind turbine to existing power generating system. The contribution of this thesis is to illustrate the Wind Power Impact on economy, society, environment and ecology. The research proposes a stochastic wind power model based on an autoregressive moving average ARMA process. The model takes in to account the non-stationary and physical limits of stochastic power generation model is planed based on wind speed measurement of four year of seven stations of Sindh province from Meteorological Department of Pakistan. The propose ARMA model characterizes the stochastic wind power generation by mean level temporal correlation. Thesis suggests policy recommendation for possible changes to be implemented in existing procedures for the planning and application of power systems so as to turn renewable energy generation into a reality in Pakistan.