Geopolitical Dynamics: Syria's Diplomatic En-deavors in a Complex Region

 In order to prevent tensions, promote economic cooperation, and obstruct regional integration, the document emphasizes the importance of territorial and economic disputes within the Syria Territory. It highlights how diplomacy plays a key role in reaching agreements and resolving these conflicts. Regarding Syria's position regarding Israel, diplomatic endeavors are essential for resolving more general geopolitical issues. Syria's strategic location makes it a key player in trade routes, and diplomatic initiatives are aimed at ensuring economic benefits and regional stability. Syria's diplomatic landscape is further shaped by Russian support, which offers political backing in international negotiations. The Geneva Conference, Astana, and Sochi processes are important platforms for tackling the complex issues at hand, bringing together regional and international players to identify all-encompassing solutions. Overall, the document elucidates how diplomacy not only addresses territorial and economic concerns within Syria but also navigates the complexities of the broader geopolitical context, such as Syria's role in the Arab-Israeli conflict and its economic aspirations linked to trade routes. It highlights various diplomatic initiatives that can promote stability, prosperity, and mutual benefits while also fostering regional integration. Policymakers who want to use diplomatic means to advance peace and stability in this region will find this information useful. Keywords: Syria, Diplomacy, Geneva, Astana, and Sochi.

Academic Achievement and its Relationship With Social Anxiety and Self-Esteem in Male and Female School Students

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of academic achievement with social anxiety and self-esteem in male and female school students. Social anxiety and self-esteem are common psychological problems. Research findings show that persons with social anxiety report poor employment performance reduced social interaction and difficulties in school life. More over self-esteem has been found to be positively related with academic achievement. So it was hypothesized that educational achievement is negatively correlated with social anxiety and positively correlated with self-esteem. The sample for the study consisted of 551 boys and 449 girls of 9th class. The sample was taken by using stratified random sampling technique from the high schools of city district Lahore. Academic achievement was measured by a valid achievement test, especially developed for this purpose. SmajiIztrabkaPaimana that is an adapted Urdu version of Interaction Anxiousness Scale (Leary, 1983) was used to assess the intensity of social anxiety. Qadr- e- ZaatkaPaimana (adapted Urdu version of Rosenberg self-esteem scale) was used to assess the self-esteem of the students. A series of t tests, Pearson product moment correlation, regression analysis and one way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of the data. The results show that academic achievement has positive relationship with self-esteem and negative relationship with social anxiety. Self esteem has negative relationship with social anxiety. Female students performed better than male students on academic achievement test. However the boys have higher level of self-esteem and lower level of social anxiety as compared to the female students. Parents’ education and monthly income of family has positive relationship with academic achievement and negative relationship with social anxiety.