’’ارضِ اقبال آ فاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد کے تحقیقی وتنقیدی مضامین کا اولین تخلیقی مجموعہ ہے ۔اسے ابتدائی کاوش کے نقطہء نظر ہی سے دیکھتے ہیں تو ان کی محنت و لگن اور ادبی ذوق و شوق کی داد دینی پڑتی ہے کہ انہوں نے جس تن دہی سے اس کام کو پایۂ تکمیل تک پہنچایا ہے اسے مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے یہ بات پورے وثوق سے کہی جاسکتی ہے کہ خوب سے خوب کرنے کی جستجو ان کی فطرتِ ثانیہ ہے۔
اس کام کے حوالے سے ایک بات خاص طور پر یہ محسوس ہوئی کہ ان میں سیکھنے کا رویّہ قابل رشک حد تک پایا جاتا ہے اور وہ اپنے آ پ کو بہت کچھ سمجھنے کے خبط سے پاک ہیں اوریہ صرف ادب ہی سے خاص نہیں بلکہ زندگی کا کوئی بھی شعبہ ہو ترقی کی بنیاد یہی رویہ ہے۔چنانچہ جس انداز سے وہ سفر شوق طے کر رہے ہیں امید ہے کہ ایک دن یہ نام ادبی حوالہ ہو گا۔
ان کے مقالات میں تنقیدی اور تقابلی مطالعہ اپنے تہذیبی و ثقافتی پس منظر سے اُبھرتا ہےاور وہ افراد اور رویّوں ہر دو میں اشتراکات اور اختلافات اور مستقبل کے امکانات کو اپنی روایت میں شناخت کرتے اور قدر کا تعیّن کرتے ہیں۔
ڈاکٹر سید عامر سہیل
چئیر مین شعبہ اردو ، اسلامیہ یونیورسٹی، بہاولپور
Deedat. He debated with Christian scholars on very sensitive topics (from the point of view of Christianity) like ‘Is the Bible God’s Word?’ ‘Was Christ crucified?’ ‘The Quran or the Bible, which is God’s word?’ ‘Is Jesus God?’ and so on and proved almost all the basic doctrines of their faith from their own scriptures to be baseless. Throughout his life, deedat, faced a lot of criticism from non-Muslim scholars as well as from many Muslim scholars but he remained steadfast in his mission, and continuously struggled for preaching Islam through arguments and debates. He is best known as Muslim preacher who remained engaged in numerous intellectual inter-religious open debates with evangelical Christians, as well as video lectures, most of which relates to Islam, Christianity, Judaism & the Bible.
Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression in patients with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi.
Design: Cross-sectional Survey
Background: Depression is a recognized common co-morbidity of epilepsy that often goes untreated and has great impact on quality of life of patients and management of patients with epilepsy.
Patients and Setting: Patients with epilepsy on follow up at the Aga Khan University Hospital were evaluated for presence and factors associated with depression.
Methodology: The study recruited eligible patients with epilepsy who were on follow up in the neurology clinic. Beck Depression Inventory was administered to evaluate for presence of depression. Patients identified as having co-morbid depression were evaluated for associated factors.
Results: Three hundred and twenty seven patients were evaluated for presence of depression in this study. The prevalence of depression based on the Beck Depression Inventory was 16.5 %, (95 % CI 12.7-21.0) representing a total of 54 patients diagnosed to have depression among the 327 patients with epilepsy. Twenty five patients (7.6%)[95% CI 5-11.1] as a subset of the total study population, had mild depression, 18 (5.5% [95% CI 3.3-8.6]) patients had moderate depression and 11 (3.4%[95% CI 1.7-5.9]) patients had severe depression.
There was weak association between mild depression and polytherapy (use of two or more antiepileptic drugs), with OR 2.3, 95%CI 0.9-5.8 however, none between polytherapy and moderate or severe depression. No statistically significant association was found between depression and duration of epilepsy or number of seizures per month over last three months.
Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that the prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi was 16.5 %( 95% CI 12.7-21.0) and polytherapy was weakly associated with mild depression.