Moral Reforms in a Community: Modus Operandi in the Light of Sīrah

It’s always the people who define the status of a society. If the people of a society are civilized, the society will be called an ideal society. Moral reforms and behavioural therapy of individuals of the society are basic factors to establish an ideal society. Such an ideal society was established by Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) in Madina where he laid the foundations of brotherhood and equality among citizens of that state. He showed tolerance towards people belonging to different religions by protecting all their human rights and by providing indiscriminate and quick justice. He not only made the social institutions strong but also developed a history of human civilization. We simply need to work on our moral values and behaviours. We should study the daily life of Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) and mould our lives according to that. Dire need of the modern world is the rectification of human behavior in the light of the ideal life of Muḥammad (P.B.U.H). It will give an opportunity to breathe the same spirit into the contemporary social attitudes so that our society may become peaceful.

The Changing Dynamics of Middle East Politics: Implications for Pakistan 2001-2015

This study is planned to examine the changing dynamics of Middle Eastern politics and implications to Pakistan. Middle East is one of the consequential regions of the world in term of oil richness, geopolitical situations and holy places. The internal politics of Middle East is rotating around ideological, ethnic and territorial disputes of states. The security situation of the Middle East is becoming complex in nature due to involvement of external forces as well.Another aspect of this research work is to explore the implications of the incidents taking place in the Middle East. Pakistan, in the context of inter-regional implications of Middle Eastern political scenario, is taken in to account as case study.The strategic, economic and political magnetism has brought together major powers around the Middle Eastern region with multiple interests and motivations. In the prevailing security complex of Middle Eastern region these superpowers have not only a significant role but also a crucial strategic posture. Since the time of mandate system superpowers have exert their presence and they have played their role. Especially in the aftermath of Arab Spring, US, Russia and China have great role to play in the consolidation of this region. Power politics between US and Russia and between Iran and Saudi Arabia has generated Middle Eastern in-groups that are composed of Iran and Russia, US and Saudi Arabia. The consequent conflicts of realistic nature generated by above mentioned groups carry out the goals of establishing hegemony on regional and eventually on global level. It seems ass the purpose of this hegemony is to control natural resources of the Middle East along with the containment of their rival groups by all possible ways and means. While in the Middle Eastern region identity is constituted on both ethnic and religious basis which provides ample room for political disorientation. The effects of Middle Eastern conflict are not bound to regional borders. The Middle East based challenge like religious fundamentalism, sectarian aggression also influence Pakistan a lot.The study concluded that, in such grim political scenario consensus building process is suggested to be built on the humanitarian basis rather than on the basis of any political connotation. In order to give this consensus a legitimate semblance, there is dire need to flourish political socialization and a participative political culture to bring about political consensus on humanitarian basis and a workable regional political mechanism. As hypothesized for this research, unless these complex security issues are taken up with the prescribed sagacity, viable peace in the region would be a far cry.