طلب معاش کی اہمیت اور اس کی ترقی کے اسباب قرآن اور سنت کی روشنی میں

Trade has been considered as the most important mode of caring livelihood.  Trade is considered as sole biggest medium because all other modes carry secondary position, as they all derive from trade in one way or the other. That’s way crafts and services have gained much success in this era of machinery and technology. In spite of all this trade assumes the same highest positions in this era too. Islam has not left trade on its own but has framed principles. These principles are not only helpful on individual scale but they give benefits to whole community. It benefits in this world and hereafter of its users. Islam is an eternal religion, so it addresses all problems of this era and of upcoming in its teachings. We can gain both worldly and hereafter benefits by acting upon Islamic principles. We have glorious examples of past traders who visited the whole world in order to carry trade. They trade far and wide on the basis of Islamic principles. They not only maintained their businesses, but also preached Islam through their just dealings and humble behavior. Their customers or the people who come into their contact were so impressed that they not only became Muslims but also changed their traditions, Customs, culture and even languages. This article discusses the reasons that explicate the beauty of Trade.

Factors That Influence Advance Directives Completion Amongst Terminally Ill Patients at Akuhn

Background: An advance directive is a written or verbal document that legally stipulates a person’s health care preference while they are competent to make decisions for themselves, and which is then used to guide decisions on life-sustaining treatment in the event that they become incapacitated. Advance directives can take one of four forms: a living will, a limitation of care document, a do-not-resuscitate order, and an appointment of a surrogate by durable power of attorney. The completion rate of advance directives varies from region to region, and it is influenced by different patient, caregiver, legal, institutional, cultural, and religious factors. Objectives: To determine the proportion of terminally ill patients at AKUHN with advance directives and to identify the factors that influence completion of advance directives amongst terminally ill patients at AKUHN. Methods: The study was a retrospective survey. All available records of terminally ill patients seen at AKUHN between July 2010 and December 2015, and that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: In total, 216 records of terminally ill patients met the inclusion criteria; 89 were of patients that had advance directives and 127 were of those that did not have advance directives. The proportion of terminally ill patients that had completed advance directives was 41.2%. The factors that were associated with completion of advance directives on bivariate analysis were history of ICU admission, history of endotracheal intubation, functional status, the medical specialty taking care of the patient, the caregiver discussing the AD with the patient, and a palliative specialist review. On multivariate regression analysis, discussion of AD with a caregiver and patient’s functional impairment were the only factors with statistically significant association with completion of AD. Conclusions: The proportion of terminally ill patients that had advance directives in their medical records was significant but the majority of terminally ill patients did not have advance directives. Most of the factors associated with advance directives completion mirrored those seen in other regions of the world, and discussion between patient and their physician and patient’s functional impairment were the factors independently associated with completion of advance directives.