میکشؔ اکبر آبادی
میکشؔ اکبر آبادی اردو کے پختہ مشق شاعر اور اچھے اہل قلم تھے، انھوں نے درس نظامی کی تکمیل مدرسہ عالیہ آگرہ میں کی، نظم و نثر میں متعدد تصانیف یادگار چھوڑیں، ادبی رسالوں میں ان کی نگارشات برابر شائع ہوتی تھیں، اقبالؔ و غالبؔ بھی ان کی دلچسپی کے موضوعات تھے، ان کا میلان تصوف کی طرف تھا، جس کا اثر ان کی نظم و نثر دونوں پر تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں اپنے جوار رحمت میں جگہ دے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۱۹۹۱ء)
Background: Nephrotoxicity of ibuprofen is a growing international public health problem in the wake of excessive use of the drug for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases in both adults and pediatric patients. Objectives: To present an overview of the protective effect of the green tea on ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys. Methods: It is an experimental study conducted in the department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi. The investigation was led on 30 male and non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rodents of 9-11 weeks old enough and going in weight from 200-330 gm. The animals were divided into three groups consisting of 10 animals each; group A served as control, each animal in group B was given ibuprofen at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day and each animal in group C was given both green tea at a dose of 1ml/100g/day and Ibuprofen 120mg/kg body weight for a period of 9 weeks. Ibuprofen manufactured by Abbot Laboratories (Pvt.) Limited was utilized. Green tea was obtained from local market. Data was collected at the end of experimental period and was analyzed using SPSS version 22. One Way ANOVA was exerted, afterwards by post-hoc Tukey test to find out intergroup differences for quantitative variables. The results were depicted as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD). A p value < 0.05 was believed significant. Results: Green tea administration had a significantly favorable effect on serum urea (mg/dl) (Group A=21.9 ± 2.8, Group B=93.2 ± 3.9, Group C=36.4± 3.0; p<0.001) and serum creatinine (mg/dl) (Group A=0.9 ± 0.22, Group B=2.4± 0.52, Group C=0.97 ± 0.3; p<0.001). Conclusions: Green tea had ameliorative effects on the ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are de-centralized collections of mobile nodes lacking a pre-existing architecture. Increasing trend in use of MANET applications make them one of the hottest research areas. Routing protocols are responsible for the establishing connections and data transmission across MANETs.
MANET routing protocols typically select shortest routes for data transmission, which can result in un-balanced traffic flows across a mobile ad-hoc network. This can also induce congestion in the network and can degrade the Quality of Service (QoS). One of the eminent routing protocols designed for handling congestions in MANETs is Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). However, such protocols not only disregard the energy constraints of mobile nodes but also introduce multipath data transmission mechanisms that in turn cause unnecessary latencies and have added energy demands. This research presents a unified multi-metrics routing protocol, called energy efficient congestion-aware DSR (EEC-DSR). This thesis considers routing by taking into account energy efficiency and congestion together. The goal of the proposed EEC-DSR is to choose a path such that the chances of congestion are minimized. The process of node selection in EEC-DSR is intelligent, which chooses only appropriate nodes in terms of network load and energy. Not only does the EEC-DSR stabilize a MANET, but it also enhances the MANET life-time by including high energy nodes in data communication. Performance evaluation demonstrates that EEC-DSR guarantees long-lasting data communication and reduces communication overhead by means of unipath routing.