ڈاکٹر میرولی الدین
افسوس ہے کہ یکم دسمبر ۱۹۷۵ء کو نامور فلسفی و صوفی اور مشہور مصنف و معلم ڈاکٹر میرولی الدین صاحب نے اپنے وطن حیدرآباد میں انتقال کیا، وہ اسی (۸۰) کے پیٹے میں تھے، ایک سال سے ان کی علالت کا سلسلہ جاری تھا، مرحوم کی تعلیم جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد میں ہوئی، یہاں سے فلسفہ میں ایم۔اے کرنے کے بعد لندن تشریف لے گئے، بیرسٹری کی تعلیم کے ساتھ کیمبرج یونیورسٹی سے فلسفہ کی اعلیٰ ڈگری حاصل کی، ۱۹۳۳ء میں جامعہ عثمانیہ میں فلسفہ کے استاذ مقرر ہوئے اور پھر اسی شعبہ کے صدر ہوکر ۱۹۶۰ء میں ریٹائر ہوئے اور کئی سال سے خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے، تاہم تصنیف و تالیف کا مشغلہ جاری تھا۔
ڈاکٹر صاحب نے اردو اور انگریزی میں بہت سی کتابیں یادگار چھوڑی ہیں، انگریزی اور عربی کی بعض کتابوں کے ترجمے بھی کئے ان کو دارالمصنفین سے بھی بڑا تعلق تھا، ایک زمانہ میں ان کے مضامین معارف میں برابر شائع ہوتے رہے، ان کی پہلی کتاب ’’فلسفہ کی پہلی کتاب‘‘ یہیں سے چھپی تھی۔ یہ ریپوپارٹ کی پرائمر آف فلاسفی کا اردو ترجمہ ہے جس کو انھوں نے جامعہ عثمانیہ کے سلسلہ نصاب تعلیم کے لئے تیار کیا تھا، ’’رسالہ اخلاقیات‘‘ کے نام سے بھی ایک کتاب میڑک کے نصاب کے لئے لکھی تھی، ’’مراقبات‘‘ ان کی اہم کتاب ہے، یہ بظاہر تو حزب و اور ادکی کتاب معلوم ہوتی ہے مگر نفسیات کے اس مسلمہ اصول کے مطابق کہ انسان پر جس قسم کے خیالات کا غلبہ ہوتا ہے، اسی قسم کے اثرات اس کے خارجی اور باطنی وجود میں بھی لازماً ظاہر ہوتے ہیں، انھوں نے یہ ثابت کیا ہے کہ دینی تعلیمات اور ایمانیات و عقائد پر پختہ یقین و ایمان نہ صرف مذہبی عقیدت کے لحاظ سے بلکہ نفسیاتی اصول سے بھی انسان کی...
Before the birth of the Holy prophet, human society yet again got at the verge of destruction due to apostasy and ignorance. The Holy Prophet introduced Islam to the sinking humanity. For spreading its message "Dawat"; Calling (To God) was made everybody's job. As Allah says in the holy Quran: "The Believers, men and women, are protectors, one of another: they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil: " (9: 71). There are three fundamental groups of preachers. The first is the "Dawat" of common people to others. It is imperative for such a preacher that he himself should get the knowledge of religion through Islamic law and then communicate every virtue of it to his family, friends, neighbors and close relatives. The second is the place of Nobles. They include the commentators of the Quran, the narrators of the Prophet's Sayings, theologians and the learned scholars. The commentators of the Quran explain the meanings of the verses of the Quran keeping in view the conditions of the Quranic sciences. The narrators interpret the meanings of the Sayings of the Holy Prophet. The theologians or the learned scholars are entitled to discuss the Quran, Prophet's Sayings and the problems of the Islamic laws. The third is the place of the favorites. These people are the perfect successors of the Prophets. They have full control over the knowledge of laws as well as over the knowledge of mysteries. As Allah says: "and purify them", (one of the responsibilities of the Holy Prophet was to purify the souls). At a place it is said: "Truly he succeeds that purifies it" (91: 9). In this article research is done on "Calling (to God) and conveying His message".
The objective of this study was to explore the impact of types of employee participation (i.e. financial participation, direct participation and representative participation) on forms of organizational commitment (i.e. Affective commitment, continuous commitment and normative commitment). This research study is based on the universal perspective showing a comprehensive review of theoretical and empirical literature with references to employee financial participation, employee direct participation, Representative participation, affective commitment, normative commitment and continuous commitment. Literature related to employee participation, and organizational commitment has been critically reviewed. This exploratory study utilized a questionnaire distributed to a wide sample of employees of both American and Pakistani commercial banks. All middle level employees of commercial banks listed in Karachi stock exchange and New York stock exchange were included in the population. The estimated sample of the study is 250 employees from Pakistan and 250 employees from USA. Total number of banks selected for the study was 50 from both countries. The survey instrument was developed using a combination of existing scales across the four key themes of the thesis: Financial participation (Erik Poutsma, 2001), direct participation (Lammers, Meurs, Mijs, 1987), representative participation (Lammers, Meurs, Mijs, 1987), and organizational commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1991). Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. Total response rate of the study was 67.4%. Keeping in view theories and evidences that are provided in the current literature hypotheses were developed. This research study is based on four research questions. To answer these research questions statistical methods like descriptive statistics, scatter diagrams, Pearson correlation,multiple regression analysis and interaction forms were used. This study indicated that in Pakistani settings types of employee participation has a significant and positive relationship with forms of organizational commitment while in American settings financial participation, direct participation and representative participation has strong and positive relationship with forms of commitment but weak relationship as compared to Pakistan.