ابن تیمیہ متفرد کیوں؟ اسباب و علل کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ A Research Review of the Reasons of Ibn Taymiyya’s Distinctions

Ibn Taymiyya is known as a controversial figure due to his differences. Most of the scholars have differed with him on most of the jurisprudential and principled issues. There are many reasons for Ibn Tamiya’s differences. The difference between intellect and its use is the most important, that is, the way of thinking. The jurisprudential ability and competence that elevated him to the status of ijtihad was a result of uniqueness in ijtihad and jurisprudence. Disagreements can be caused by the circumstances of that era and the behavior of the people of that era. All the principles and their preferred methods based on which he solved jurisprudential and doctrinal issues and all the reasons why he disagreed with a section of the ummah and the ummah know these differences in the form of the differences of Ibn Taymiyya. It is very important that his jurisprudential insight and ijtihad efforts be revealed, although in many issues the majority of the scholars of the ummah have disagreed with him and their opinion differs from the great taste. Ibn Tamiya’s method of inference in jurisprudential and principled issues and the principles by which he formed an opinion on an issue and on what basis he preferred principles in solving problems are the key issues that will be discussed in the following article.

The Morphology of Coating-Substrate Interface in Hot-Dip-Aluminized Steels

In Hot-Dip-Aluminized steels, the morphology and the profile of the interface between the aluminum coating and the substrate steel, are affected both by the composition of the molten aluminum as well as by the composition, and even the microstructure, of the substrate steel. This effect has been investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The reaction between the steel and the molten aluminum leads to the formation of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds on the steel surface. The thickness and the morphology of the interlayer vary with the silicon-content of the molten aluminum. In hot-dip-aluminizing with pure aluminum, the interlayer is ‘thick’ and exhibits a finger-like growth into the steel. With a gradual addition of silicon into the aluminum melt, the thickness of the interlayer decreases and the interface between the interlayer and the substrate successively becomes ‘smoother’.With an increase in the carbon-content of the substrate steel the growth of the interlayer into the steel is impeded by the pearlite phase, whereas the ferrite phase appears to dissolve more readily. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the interlayer formed in samples aluminized in pure aluminum, essentially consisted of orthorhombic Fe2Al5, while with a gradual addition of silicon into the aluminum melt, a cubic phase based on Fe3Al also started to form in the interlayer and replaced most of the Fe2Al5. It was further observed that the grains of Fe2Al5 phase exhibited a preferred lattice orientation, and also that even when other phases are present in the interlayer, the phase at the transformation front is always the Fe2Al5. Bending experiments carried out on aluminized specimens showed that as the thickness of the inter-metallic layer increased the angle, at which the start of the cracking in the aluminum coating during bending was observed, decreased. Metallographic examination of bent samples showed that the interlayer developed cracking much earlier than the appearance of the cracks on the surface. These experiments suggested that the aluminized steel flats (or sheets) exhibit very limited formability.