عہد نبوی میں صحابیات کی معاشی سرگرمیاں، عصر حاضر کی خواتین کے لیے مشعل راہ

Islam is a complete code of life which provides complete guidance in all aspects of human life. The discipline of economics was given particular importance in Islam as most of the human activities revolved around it that could also be seen practically around the globe. The major responsibility of under taking the financial matters was laid on men according to teachings of Islam. The core purpose of this academic work was to explore the Islamic view point about the woman economic activities. The study was basically designed to address that whether Islam permitted women to take part in economic affairs or not? The article provided a guideline for cotemporary women in the light of economic activities of Ṣaḥābiyāt that how the today’s women could take part into various domains of financial matters by keeping in view the life and economic activities of Ṣaḥābiyāt. The descriptive and analytical research methodology was employed for the collection and analysis of data. The review of literature revealed that men were primarily responsible for economic matters, however women could do the job by following the instruction of Islamic teachings. It was also found that the women could actively take part in various economic fields including; trade, agriculture, medical science, and education. In the light of above findings the research recommended that Government should take some serious measures by making economic arrangements and providing Islamic environment for work in order to accommodate the needy, poor, widows and oppressed women of society. On one hand, it would be beneficial for the financial support of their family while on the other hand, enhance the production of country. Finally it must be kept in view that family system should not be ruined due to job of a woman.

Mastitis in Cows and Buffaloes: I a Field Survey in Tehsil Faisalabad, and Ii Therapeutic Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis of Autogenous Vaccine Alone and in Combination With Rational Therapy

Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases of dairy animals in Pakistan. The cure rate of mastitis with the use of antibiotics/antibacterials leaves a lot to be desired. In addition, the use of these agents leads to undesireable residues in milk and poses a host of problems to milk processing industry. Therefore, measures other than the use of antibiotics/antibacterials are being investigated to improve the mastitis cure rate. Keeping these considerations in perspective, the current study was planned with the objective to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness of autogenous herd and animal-specific mastitis vaccines alone and in combination with antibiotic based rational therapy after investigating the magnitude of clinical and subclinical mastitis in Tehsil Faisalabad. The current study was compartmentalized into 3 parts. In part I of the study, cattle and buffaloes of 19 villages from 59 Union Councils of Tehsil Faisalabad were screened for subclinical mastitis using surf field mastitis test (SFMT) and 10% of the randomly selected clinically and subclinically mastitic quarters were subjected to microbiological examination of milk. Part II of the study envisaged evaluation of herd-specific mastitis vaccines in 3 dairy herds managing at least 50 animals. The mastitic animals of each farm were randomly divided into 3 equal groups.Group 1 received herd-specific mastitis vaccine @ 5ml/animal I/M twice at an interval of two weeks (Protocol I). Group 2 was treated with standard mastitis therapy i.e. Tylosin @ 10mg/kg for three days I/M + amoxicillin & clavulanic acid @ 600 mg I/mm infusion daily for 5 days (Protocol II) whereas Group 3 received combination of herd-specific autogenous vaccine and standard mastitis therapy (Protocol III). Part III of the study aimed at evaluation of animal-specific autogenous vaccines on 60 (clinical n=30; subclinical n=30) cows and buffaloes belonging to small holder farmers and commercial or institutional farms. Evaluation parameters of part II and III of the study included: clinical severity score, SFMT score, clinical and bacteriological cure rate, somatic cell count (SCC), milk quantity and any untoward effect. Cost-benefit analysis of protocol I, II and III was conducted. The data thus generated were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chisquare test, where relevant. Regarding prevalance of mastitis A total of 24467 buffaloes and 13061 cows were screened during this study.A total of 4231 buffaloes and 3256 cows were found to be suffering from mastitis indicating 17.29 and 24.93% prevalence in the respective species. The overall or composite (buffaloes plus cows) prevalence was 19.95%.Whereas regarding occurrence of mastitic pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was most predominant micoorganism in the locale. A better SFMT based cure rate, clinical cure rate, bacteriological cure rate and significantly reduced somatic cell counts and plate count values were observed in animals which were provided with herd-base or animal base autogenous mastitis vaccine alone or in combination with antibiotic therapy in subcinically or clinically mastitic animals. When cost benefit analysis of the protocol-I was carried out it resulted in an average net profit ofRs.359/animal/day on herd basis, while Rs. 331.75 and 362.65/animal/day for subclinical and clinical mastitis when prepared on animal-specific basis.