Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Kompetensi Kerja Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Karyawan Sales

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Motivasi dan Kompetensi Kerja terhadap Prestasi karyawan sales pada Perusahaan PT. Hadji Kalla Toyota Cabang Cokroaminoto di Makassar. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kuantitatif. Dengan sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 48 orang karyawan sales. Selanjutnya model analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda yang diolah menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasaarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa pengaruh Motivasi dan Kompetensi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja karyawan sales pada perusahaan PT. Hadji Kalla Toyota Cabang Cokroaminoto di Makassar.

Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Vulnerbaility of Economically Important Crops and Forest Trees Biodiversity to Climate Change in Pakistan

This research project is confined to study the influence of climate changes on major crops (cotton, rice, sugar cane and wheat) in irrigated and rainfed regions of the province of Punjab in Pakistan. The study mainly focused on the role of trees to overcome fast climate changes. The chief objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of forest sector in the mitigation of climate change. In addition, the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed in identification of tree seeds. Secondary data regarding economically important crops and forest tree species in respect to climate change was collected from forest department, agriculture department and local farmers as well as primary data from resource persons in respective fields. In total, twenty species of forest trees were selected, collected and ethnobotanically documented for their economic uses. Out of these species; eight tree species were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze their seeds morphology for correct identification. The main focus of SEM was on seed sculpturing in order to develop linkage with climate change and seed morphology. A cross sectional secondary data of 345 farmers from 25 districts of the Punjab province was obtained to estimate the marginal impact on net farm revenue with reference to temperature and precipitation. In case of Rabi-Kharif configuration of climatic variables, Net Farm Revenue (NFR) showed an increase of $ 654.67 per hectare with 10oC increase in Rabi maximum temperature while non-irrigated farms were confronting a decrease of $ 2583.18. The model identified that with the increase of 10oC in winter and summermaximum temperatures; there would be decrease in NFR by $ 1608.49 and $ 1479.24 respectively. It is observed that the marginal impacts were negative under all yearly based climatic variables. The farmers operating under non-irrigated environment were the extreme sufferers because of non-availability of irrigation water. It was further noticed that temperature’s fluctuation was more serious than rainfall patterns. In addition to this, primary information was also documented using in-depth interviews from resource persons in the field of agriculture farm lands and forestry.In this regard, the narratives of various technical and policy experts regarding the influence of climate change on forests of Pakistan were introduced. Both the implicit and explicit connections of these narratives were assessed in order to develop linkage with current findings. Both qualitative and quantitative information were analyzed in the form of tables, figures and schematic diagrams to present economically important crops and tree species under the impact of climate change. The findings of the study urged the policy makers for the mobilization of extension services radically to execute adaptation strategies in most vulnerable regions. The research also suggests the need for investing more in farmer’s education, afforestation, participatory forest management and improved institutional support for climate change adaptation. On an overall basis, the myopic look into matter of impact of climate change that has been taken on multidimensional angles may provide new vistas of plant sciences. The composite analysis finally integrates the findings of qualitative, quantitative ad laboratory experiments in the shape of an innovative matrix. Based on these findings, it is strongly recommended that some adaptation measures need to be taken for avoiding the impact of climate change on wheat, cotton, sugar cane and rice. Small farmers, being highly vulnerable to climate change should be provided financial and technical support to cope with its negative impact on Net Farm Revenue. A special climate resilient package should be available for the farmers of non-irrigated areas. Similarly, institutional development and regulatory mechanism need to be framed for forest management under change climate scenarios. A strong coordination across agriculture department, forest department and food security ministry should be maintained so as to collectively respond the odd impact of climate change on agriculture and forest trees.