ڈاکٹرسید محمود
افسوس ہے ڈاکٹر سےّدمحمود بھی رخصت ہوگئے۔وفات کے وقت عمر ۸۲ برس کی تھی۔مرحوم برلن کے پی۔ایچ۔ڈی اورانگلستان سے بارایٹ لاء اور گھر کے بھی بڑے خوشحال تھے۔ لیکن قومی وملّی خدمت کاجذبہ شروع ہی سے تھا اس لیے اولاً تحریکِ خلافت اور پھر تحریکِ آزادی دونوں میں ہراوّل دستہ کے فرد رہے، اس جرم کی پاداش میں کئی مرتبہ جیل گئے اور قید وبند کی سختیاں انگیز کیں پھر قومی حکومت بنی توریاست اورمرکز دونوں میں وزیر رہے۔ کانگرس ورکنگ کمیٹی کے ممبر سالہا سال رہے ۔آل انڈیا کانگرس کمیٹی کے سکریٹری بھی رہ چکے تھے۔اوّل درجہ کے نیشنلسٹ ہونے کے باوجود دل اوردماغ دونوں کھلا رکھتے تھے۔ چنانچہ تقسیم کے بعد مسلسل فسادات ہوئے اور مسلمانوں کے ساتھ ناانصافی ختم نہیں ہوئی توانہوں نے قومی سطح پراس کاانسداد کرنے کی غرض سے مجلس مشاورت بنائی اور چند سال اس کے صدر کی حیثیت سے ملک کادورہ کیا لیکن جب انہوں نے محسوس کیاکہ ان کے چند رفیق اس پلیٹ فارم کو اپنے فرقہ پر ورانہ مقاصد کے لیے استعمال کررہے ہیں تو وہ اس سے الگ ہوگئے لیکن خانہ نشین پھر بھی نہیں ہوئے اورمسلمانوں کی فلاح و بہبود کے کاموں میں حِصّہ لیتے رہے۔مرحوم کا علمی اورادبی ذوق بھی بہت شگفتہ اورشائستہ تھا۔سیاسی مصرفیتوں میں تھوڑا بہت انگریزی اوراردو میں جو کچھ لکھا ہے بہت خوب لکھاہے۔ اخلاقی اعتبارسے نہایت باوضع، بامروت شریف الطبع اورخلیق بزرگ تھے۔ان کی وفات سے ملک میں عموماً اورمسلمانوں میں خصوصاً جوخلا پیدا ہواہے وہ پُرنہیں ہوسکے گا۔اللھم اغفرلہٗ وارحمہ۔ [اکتوبر ۱۹۷۱ء]
Egyptian society and Indian society faced many social issues, especially during the British colonial rule in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The British occupation was an era of decline for the Muslims of the sub-continent. Public minds were not able to recognize this change and did not fully understand the requirements of the time. Writers and poets of that time discussed and dealt with social isues and tried to raise the almost dead community back to life. They wanted their people to be rationalized and to understand the problems of society. Two of those leading writers were Taha Hussein and Deputy Nazir Ahmed. This article will examine Taha Hussein’s role and contribution in raising of Egyptian society and enlightening the Arab minds and also throw light on the efforts of Deputy Nazir Ahmed, a leading social novelist in the sub-continent. The most important issues that were treated through their novels and their writings were the problems and issues of woman and the issue of moral decline in society.
Rice production is greatly limited by high level of soil salinity around the world. To overcome this major abiotic constraint, different strategies have been adopted for the development of salt tolerant rice varieties. In present study, tolerance potential of 63 rice genotypes was evaluated at seedling stage under different levels of salt stress. Among screened genotypes, six were found tolerant, 37 moderate tolerant and 20 were sensitive under tested levels of salt stress. Tolerant genotypes showed less reduction in root shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight, compared with FL478 (positive control). Sensitive genotypes showed ~ 90 % reduction in all growth parameters. Selected genotypes, were further assessed using 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, residing within SalTol QTL region on chromosome 1. Ninteen SSR markers were found polymorphic among salt tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Cluster analysis based on SSR markers, grouped genotypes into three clusters as sensitive, tolerant and moderate tolerant. However, population structure analysis combined tolerant and moderate tolerant genotypes in one set. To identify the genetic variation in stress-related genes in salt tolerant genotypes, we performed genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of seven rice lines with contrasting responses to salinity stress. Approximately 83 % reads were mapped to the rice reference genome (Nipponbare). We identified a total of 80,159 SNPs and 6,403 InDels among the seven rice genotypes. Of the SNPs 42 % were identified from the genic regions and out of these 27 % were observed in coding regions. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify functional SNPs in the genes that changed the functions of proteins. We identified 116 abiotic stress related genes that contained 138 nsSNPs (between tolerant and sensitive) in coding regions, thus having effects on proteins. In other study, selected four BC1F5 populations derived by crossing a high yield recipient rice line (WTR-1) with four donors were used. These populations were sequenced by tGBS. Data analysis revealed presence of 99 non-synonymous deleterious SNPs in 62 loci. Of the 62 affected loci, 10 were predicted to be responsive towards salinity tolerance. Analysis indicated that these genes may contribute to salt stress phenotype in rice varieties, and the identified nonsynonymous deleterious SNPs are useful to distinguish tolerant and sensitive genotypes.