اہل بدعت سے تحدیث و سماع کا حکم: علامہ احمد شاکر کی آراء کا اختصاصی مطالعہ

Allama Ahmad Shakir was a great researcher and has a good command on religious literatures and studies. In his era, he took a great place among the scholars as a specialist in hadith, Islamic jurisprudence, Quranic interpretation, history & principals of aforementioned Subjecta. Now, he is recognized as an authority on principalities of sciences of hadith and jurisprudence. He discussed in his books regarding Sciences of hadith about narrators of hadith which are called ahl e bid‘at and the status of their Ahad?th. Because, there is a huge conflict between many principalities in perspective of accepting their Ahad?th or rejecting them. In this article, based an analytical study, some of his major and innovent concepts and justified principals about ahl e bid‘at are discussed which he had presented in his books or shows his research methodologies in different books with a special study on al-musnad by Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal (r.a). The research shows his viewpoints regarding this kind of narrators that they are, with some conditions, acceptable and their Ahad?th are also should be narrated. Although, some ancient scholars do not allow with primarily conditions, which are described in this study along with their status & conditions.

علم علل الحدیث: برصغیر کے محدثین و فقہاء کی تحقیقات

‘Ilal al ḥadīth or T’alīl-e ḥadīth is most important and critical sciences of hadith, especially for the judgment of the chain of hadith and its text. It also provides principality foundations to make impracticable hadith. It is said that T’alīl-e ḥadīth is knowledge of deciding any hadith for being it practicable or impracticable. So, in medieval, all researches about this science in a specific method are a major subject of this study. In this case, the scholars of the sub-continent and their research regarding T’alīl-e ḥadīth is analyzed by discussing their approaches and affinities subtended to ancient scholars and Moḥaddīthīns, so that we may be able to acknowledge the foundation laid by them in sectarianism with the passage of time and its impact on the history of hadīth & Islamic jurisprudence. T’alīl e ḥadīth is the subjective knowledge of hidden defects regarding hadith especially the chain of narrators. These hidden defects are called ‘illat in Arabic and prophetic sayings in etymology. There are two necessary characteristics in ‘illat; first, it must be hidden and second, it must be dubious. If one of these conditions is not found, the hadith will be stable for practice. This topic provided a good source to the way to acknowledge the services and research of famous scholars of the sub-continent i.e. Moḥaddīthīns and jurists. In this regard, the research question was: is there any contribution of these scholars of sub-continent in the science of ’Ilal e ḥadīth? And what is their addition to this knowledge among the ancient researches of Muslim Scholars? The researcher finds that in the sub-continent, only twelve books were found in which discourses of T’alīl e ḥadīth were discussed. Some of them are reference books, some are edited and only one manuscript is about the explanation of ancient scholar imam Tirmdhī’s book. And the second aspect of this science is found in books of principles of ḥadīth written by scholars in the sub-continent but too much less quantity.