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Experimental Investigation of the Impact Behavior of Composite Plates Butt Joints

Thesis Info

Author

Yasir Majeed

Supervisor

Rafiullah Khan

Department

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Degree End Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729239656

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آیاتِ استفہام اور فہمِ عبادات

عبادت کے معنی ’’اطاعت، خشوع و خضوع اور بندگی‘‘ کے ہیں۔ عبد جو کہ غلام اور بندے کو کہا جاتا ہے عبادت کوئی ثانوی چیز نہیں ہے جو زندگی میں کہیں ضمناً آجاتی ہو۔

 عقائد کے بعد سب سے زیادہ اہمیت تمام مذاہب میں عبادت کو دی گئی ہے ۔درحقیقت یہ دونوں ایک دوسرے کے ایسے لازم و ملزوم ہیں کہ ایک کو دوسرے سے جدا نہیں کیا جا سکتا ہے ۔ عقیدہ درخت ہے تو عبادت اس کا پھل ہے۔اور درخت اپنے پھل سے پہچانا جاتا ہے ۔اسلام کی خصوصیت یہ ہے کہ دین کے مختلف شعبوں کی طرح اس نے عبادت کے مفہوم اور اس کے طُرق کے متعلق بھی ایک ایسا واضح اور جامع ہدایت نامہ پیش کیا جو ہر اعتبار سے بے مثال ہے۔ چنانچہ اگر دنیا کے کل بانیانِ مذاہب اور داعیوں کے تعلیم و عمل کا مطالعہ اس پہلو سے کیا جائے کہ عبادت کے معنی پر کوئی تسلی بخش روشنی پڑ سکے ۔ اور اس کے بہترین طریقوں کا علم حاصل ہو سکے تو حضور سرور کائنات صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی ذات ہی وہ واحد ذات ہے جو واضح حقیقت کی طرف راہ نمائی کر سکے ۔اسلامی عبادات کا اولین طرہ امتیاز یہ ہے کہ اللہ وحدہ کی اور اللہ وحدہ کے لیے ہوتی ہے، جس میں کسی دوسرے کو کسی بھی اعتبار سے شریک نہیں کیا جاسکتا ہے ۔اس میں نہ تو پیغمبر کا کوئی حصہ ہے، نہ ان کے گھر والوں کا اور نہ فرشتوں کا اور نہ ولیوں اور شہیدوں کا ،اسلام کا یہ فیصلہ اٹل ہے کہ خدا کے علاوہ زمین پر اور نہ آسمانوں میں کوئی شے یا کوئی ہستی ایسی ہے جو لائقِ پرستش ہو، جس کے سامنے انسان اپنی گردن جھکاسکے اور جس کی بارگاہ میں اپنی روح اور...

OCCURRENCE OF LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES DURING THE LOCKDOWN IN ATHLETES

Background of the Study: Lockdown was implemented worldwide to limit the spread of COVID-19. This sudden implementation of lockdown causes significant lifestyle changes for every individual. Along with the general population, it also has psychological, behavioral, and physical consequences on athletes. The study objective is to determine the occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries during the COVID-19 lockdown in athletes. Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional study design was used, and participants were recruited by a non-probability convenient sampling technique. A sample size of 147 was taken as calculated by the Raosoft software, and the study was completed 6 months. Both male and female athletes between the age group of 18-35 years, participants who did not participate in any official training session during the lockdown and registered at domestic level for at least 2 years were recruited from Pakistan Sports Board and Wapda Sports Complex Lahore. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to identify the problematic painful areas of body. Data entry, analysis, and interpretation were done by using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 25.6531±4.49 (years) and 23.28±3.24 (kg/m2) respectively. From the total, 39.5% of participants reported lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries. And most reported problematic areas include lower back and knee. 75% of participants continue to do workouts at home as a prevention strategy against injury occurrence. Conclusion: This concluded that the occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries during the lockdown was moderate.

Functioning of NEPRA as an Effective Power Regulator of Pakistan

The effectiveness of a regulatory agency is outcome of the quality of its management, whereas a strong infrastructure i.e., fulfillment of institutional requirements and autonomy of functions are the basic requirements of an autonomous regulatory system, besides the environmental factors that can also influence the effectiveness of a regulatory body. NEPRA, the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority was established in 1997 to ensure transparent and judicious regulation in the power sector, after restructuring of power sector. Earlier the government was the operator as well as the regulator for both power services providing companies i.e., WAPDA and KESC. The power sector restructuring and other reforms in the energy sector were the efforts to avert the risk of any future energy crisis, but they could not be proved to be fruitful. This research work is based on evaluation of the efficiency of NEPRA as an effective electric power regulator in Pakistan, considering the above stated four main factors. The scientific research method, consisting of hypotheses testing and the formulation of regression model was used in the research work. It has been concluded that NEPRA is working in a nice manner. There are three stakeholders of NEPRA, i.e., government, electric power companies and the electricity consumers. Out of which government and most of the electric power companies are satisfied with the performance of NEPRA, but the electricity consumers are less satisfied. Availability of trained manpower and implementation of regulations have been pointed out as the areas of special attention to improve the performance of NEPRA. Some steps are also suggested in this regard. This study is an attempt to improve the effectiveness of NEPRA by exploring the influence of different factors upon it. The research work has contributed towards increasing the ability of NEPRA to overcome the present power crisis of Pakistan and to address the grievances of electricity consumers.