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Home > The Ideas and Objectives of NGOs Working in Pakistan for the Promotion of Education - An Analytical and Comparative Study in Light of Islam.

The Ideas and Objectives of NGOs Working in Pakistan for the Promotion of Education - An Analytical and Comparative Study in Light of Islam.

Thesis Info

Author

Hamida Bano

Supervisor

Mehraj ul Islam Zia

Program

PhD

Institute

Allama Iqbal open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Islamic Studies

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729240816

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ڈاکٹر عمر خالدی

ڈاکٹر عمر خالدی
(اشتیاق احمد ظلی)
ڈاکٹر عمر خالدی ۲۹؍ نومبر کو بوسٹن میں ایک حادثہ میں جاں بحق ہوگئے۔ اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ ان کے انتقال سے ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کے مسائل پر سنجیدہ علمی تحقیق کے میدان میں جو خلا پیدا ہوا ہے اس کا پر ہونا مشکل ہے۔ ہندوستان میں مسلمانوں کی صورت حال اور ان کو درپیش مسائل پر جس انداز اور معیار کا تحقیقی کام انہوں نے انجام دیا وہ غیر معمولی ہے۔ وہ ایک مدت سے ان مسائل سے بہت دور امریکہ میں مقیم تھے اور وہاں ایک باوقار ادارہ سے وابستہ تھے۔ مادی نقطہ نظر سے ایک پرمسرت اور مطمئن زندگی گزارنے کے لیے ان کو وہ سب کچھ حاصل تھا جس کی عام طور پر تمنا کی جاتی ہے لیکن اس آسودگی اور فارغ البالی کو انہوں نے زندگی کا مقصد اور مطمح نظر نہیں بنایا بلکہ دستیاب وسائل کو ایک بڑے مقصد کے حصول کے لیے استعمال کیا جو ان کو بہت عزیز تھا اور دراصل جس سے ان کی زندگی عبارت تھی۔ وطن عزیز میں مسلمانوں کی صورت حال پر ان کا دردمند اور حساس دل بے قرار رہتا تھا اور ان پر گزرنے والے نامہربان موسموں کی تپش وہ وہاں محسوس کرتے تھے۔ اس صورت حال پر کڑھنے اور زمانے کا شکوہ کرنے کے بجائے انہوں نے یہ طے کیا کہ دنیا کے سامنے ایک ایسا آئینہ رکھ دیا جائے جس میں ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کے مسائل اور ان پر گزرنے والے آلام و مصائب کی صحیح تصویر نظر آجائے۔ چنانچہ انہوں نے اس مسئلہ کو اپنی تحقیق و جستجو کا موضوع بنایا اور یہ کام اس دیدہ ریزی اور ژرف نگاہی سے انجام دیا کہ اس سے زیادہ کی توقع نہیں کی جاسکتی۔ ان کی تحقیقات پختہ اور ناقابل تردید دلائل و شواہد پر استوار ہوتی...

عصرحاضر کے تقاضوں کے تناظر میں جامعات دینیہ کا قضیہ: عملی تجاویز

The Muslim religious seminaries (Jameaat-i-diniyya/dini madaris) have become a theme of the global academic agenda, particularly in the wake of the rise of political Islam and the Afghan resistance against Soviet invasion. The theme continuously looms large and has attracted reputable scholars to address the issue in a critical manner. In the present article the author describes various aspects of madrassa education and suggests a number of workable solutions including a new curriculum under the auspices of the Madrassa Education Board and the Higher Education Commission (HEC) in consultation with the traditional madaris and university scholars.

Effect of Exogenous Application of Triacontanol on Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. under Salt Stress

In order to investigate the effect of exogenous application of triacontanol (TRIA) on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars [S-24 (a salt tolerant) and MH-97 (a moderately salt sensitive)] under salt stress, two independent experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. Both wheat cultivars were grown in full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution under non-saline (0 mM NaCl) and saline (150 mM NaCl) conditions. Three optimized TRIA levels (0, 10 and 20 μM) were used both as foliar sprayed at three growth stages i.e. vegetative, boot and veg. + boot stages and as seed-priming. In foliar-spray set of experiments ninety two-day old, while in seed-priming experiment twenty four-day old plants were subjected to data analysis for various growth, physiological and biochemical attributes. Salinity stress adversely affected growth and yield (shoot and root fresh and dry weights, total leaf area per plant, shoot and root length, grain yield, number of grains and number of tillers per plant, 100-seed weight), photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll contents (chl. a, b and a/b ratio), leaf water relations (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor potential), relative water content (%), electron transport rate (ETR), shoot and root K+ and Ca2+ ions and K+/Na+ ratios, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity (in cv. MH-97 only), Rooting medium salinity stress did not alter sub-stomatal internal CO2 concentration (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, water use efficiency (WUE), efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching exiton (NPQ) of both wheat cultivars, but increased co-efficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN), membrane permeability (%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malonedialdehyde (MDA), shoot and root Na+ and Cl- contents, activity of catalase (CAT), leaf soluble proteins and total free amino acids, free proline, glycinebetaine and total phenolic contents. Exogenous application of TRIA as a foliar spray significantly increased all growth and yield attributes, photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), chl. a and b contents and ETR value, leaf water potential, decreased leaf osmotic potential at vegetative stage, while increased at boot stage of both cultivars at all growth stages, shoot and root K+ (cv. S-24) and Ca2+ in both cultivars, root K+/Na+ ratios in cv. S-24 under non-saline conditions, increased Cl- contents under non-saline, while decreased under saline conditions. Foliar spray of TRIA increased photochemical quenching at boot and veg. + boot stages under non-saline conditions, while decreased non-photochemical quenching exciton (NPQ) value in both cultivars at all growth stages, qN values only in cv. MH-97 at vegetative + boot stages, total phenolics at boot and veg. + boot stages and shoot Na+ in both wheat cultivars under saline conditions. Pre-sowing seed treatment of TRIA did not improve growth or yield attributes, gas exchange characteristics, leaf osmotic and turgor potentials, and enzyme activities of SOD and CAT. However, TRIA application increased stomatal conductance under non-saline conditions and net CO2 assimilation rate under saline conditions of both cultivars, while POD activity (both cultivars) and water potential (only cv. S-24) under both saline and non-saline conditions. Performance of salt tolerant cultivar S-24 was good in growth (shoot fresh and dry weights, and shoot length), stomatal conductance (gs), chl. a/b ratios and ETR value, leaf water relations, shoot and root K+, Ca2+ and Cl- ions, K+/Na+ ratios, soluble proteins and free amino acids, free proline, in terms of foliar spray experiment. The design of both experiments was completely randomized with four replicates in each set.