آہ ! مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی
مولانا حکیم محمد مختار اصلاحی کا انتقال ۱۱؍ جون کو ہوا مگر کچھ پتا نہیں چلا، ممبئی کے اخبار یہاں نہیں آتے، وہاں سے آنے والوں نے بھی اس کا کوئی تذکرہ نہیں کیا، ان کے عزیزوں اور صاحبزادوں کو اتنے جاں کاہ حادثے میں ان کے اس دور افتادہ قدرداں اور نیازمند کا خیال نہیں آیا، جولائی کا ترجمان اصلاحی ۱۱؍ جولائی کو آگیا تھا مگر اسی روز میری چھوٹی بہن نسیمہ اﷲ کو پیاری ہوگئی تھی، کئی روز بعد گھر سے آنے پر اسے کھولا تو سرورق پر حکیم صاحب کی تصویر کے نیچے یہ مصرعہ درج تھا:
آسماں تیری لحد پر شبنم افشانی کرے
دل کا عجیب حال ہوگیا، بہن کا غم تازہ ہی تھا کہ اب اس مسیحا نفس کی بات بھی گئی۔
موت برحق ہے، کسی کو اس سے مفر نہیں، حکیم صاحب تو عمر طبعی کو پہنچ گئے تھے مگر ان کے جیسے کرم فرما اور اپنے سے اس قدر ٹوٹ کر ملنے اور چاہنے والے کا صدمہ ناقابل برداشت تھا، ان کی یاد بھلائے نہیں بھولتی
آئی جو یاد ان کی تو آتی چلی گئی
ہر نقش ما سوا دل سے مٹاتی چلی گئی
وہ ضلع جون پور کے مشہور مردم خیز قصبہ صبر حد میں ۱۵؍ جون ۱۹۱۵ء کو ایک متوسط زمیں دار گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کے والد ممبئی میں رہتے تھے، اردو اور فارسی کی تعلیم دادا کے زیر نگرانی گھر پر ہوئی، اعلاتعلیم مدرستہ الاصلاح سرائے میر میں حاصل کی، جہاں مولانا شبلی متکلم ندوی اور مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی وغیرہ سے درس لیا، جماعت اسلامی ہند کے سابق امیر مولانا ابواللیث اصلاحی ندوی ان کے ہم سبق تھے۔
مدرستہ الاصلاح سے فراغت کے بعد علی گڑھ کے طبیہ کالج میں داخلہ لیا اور ۱۹۳۹ء...
Rules of Tafseer are basically concerned with understanding meaning of the Holy Qur’an and learn how to take advantage of it. This article preliminary defines the importance of Rules of Tafseer of the Qur’an and also elaborates the different terminologies associated with rules of Tafseer and how these rules are made and developed with the passage of time. This paper also provides an insight into the previous and current studies carried out in the field of Rules of Tafseer. In the beginning, the Rules of Tafseer were considered as part of Usool-e-Fiqh, Tafseer and Qur’anic Science. The knowledge and awareness about Rules of Tafseer was actually accumulated from the Holy Qur’an, Hadith, teachings’ of Sahabah (R. A), Usool-e-Fiqh, Arabic grammar, books of Quranic Science and books of Tafseer, while later on new books were introduced in 14th century.
Evaluating the effectiveness of public participation in terms of its influence on EIA related decisions has been increasingly suggested in the literature. In Pakistan, public is involved during EIA of projects likely to cause adverse environmental and socio- economic impacts. Empirical evidence to establish the extent to which it is achieving its objectives of making widely acceptable decisions and promoting sustainable development in the country is scant. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of public participation in EIA in the Punjab province by adopting a pragmatic combination of qualitative and quantitative research strategy. The methodology involved reviewing the literature, developing an evaluation framework incorporating the country context, investigating four EIA cases of transport infrastructure and industrial development projects through content analysis of related documents, and in-depth interviews of the stakeholders. Several inadequacies and prospects are discovered. EIA and Public participation are not integrated into project planning cycle due to a legal lacuna of requiring EIA before start of construction rather than before procurement of site and detailed design. The case studies demonstrated a weak influence of public concerns on decisions, since consultations were held after taking irreversible decisions. Lack of information about participation opportunities, poor accessibility and quality of EIA reports, lack of communication and transparency in the decision making process were some of the other barriers, which also exist elsewhere even in well established EIA regimes. Provision of an egalitarian environment during public hearings, sufficient time for submitting concerns, and a high degree of willingness and availability of public to participate were some of the attributes in contrast with what the literature generally suggests. Furthermore, this study revealed that involving technical experts and NGOs can influence more positively on the public hearing outcome than the directly affected public. Thus, the theoretical connotations of public participation in EIA may not be generalized and there is a need to revisit the theory, particularly in the context of developing countries. Overall, it is concluded that despite certain impediments public participation in EIA is gradually gaining ground in Pakistan. Useful recommendations have been made to enhance the effectiveness of EIA. In particular, a new model for proactive but represented public participation has been suggested to take place before EIA and selection of site for a development project.