Significance of Philadelphia Chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients of Anmol Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Chronic myelogenous Leukemia is a form of cancer that was firstly recognizes to associate strongly with the chromosomal abnormality [t (9; 22) translocation] called Philadelphia chromosome. Objective: Philadelphia chromosome is a characteristic chromosomal marker that is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Methods: More than one hundred patients of either sex were selected for the experiment. RNA was isolated from whole blood of patients so can use exclusively in RT-PCR. Results: Philadelphia chromosome in blood samples of patients with suspected diagnosis of CML was detected in 63% of patients. During our experimental studies on CML patients we do not encounter any complex translocation involving chromosome 8, 9 and 22.  Conclusions: Philadelphia chromosome is a precise cytogenetic marker the detection of which is significant for differential diagnosis and clinical organization of patients with clinical diagnosis of CML. It is of significant that Ph chromosome occurs in pre-leukemic stage and has great diagnostic significance.

Effect of Homepathic Drugs in the Control of Root Rot and Root Knot Diseases and Growth of Crop Plants

This study focused on the high temperature tolerance of mungbean varieties using plexiglass canopy to increase the prevailing high temperature. The plant measurements were made for heat induced changes growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, osmolytes accumulation, oxidative stress and antioxidative response, shoot, root and seed nutrient and yield attributes at different growth stages. Data revealed that heat tolerance in mungbean was variable at three prime foliation and flowering stages. The varieties exhibiting prolific root system and leaf area (e.g., NM-2011 and NM-2006) were more tolerance to heat stress. Heat stress caused the loss of chlorophyll and inhibition of the leaf gas exchange. The tolerant varieties incurred a minimum loss of photosynthetic pigments; more importantly increased carotenoids contents were closely associated to heat tolerance. Among the studied osmolytes, the accumulation of soluble sugars and GB at flowering stage contribute greatly to heat tolerance in the studied varieties. Due to high temperature, the production of hydrogen peroxide (as reactive oxygen species) and malondialdehyde was seen, but the tolerant varieties produced minimum amounts of these oxidative stress metabolites, while the accumulation of phenolics, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid were able to possibly protect the membrane especially in the tolerant varieties. The success of the tolerant varieties in displaying greater pod growth and seed yield characters appeared to be due maintenance of greater nutrient contents both in the shoot and root tissues especially under excessive high temperature stress. In conclusion, mungbean showed a large genetic variability for tolerance to heat stress at flowering and maturity stages. This implied that the varieties with a tendency to maintain greater nutrient contents was better able to withstand heat stress conditions. Among the studied attributes, the heat stress induced oxidative stress appeared to be a main reason for mungbean susceptibility to high temperature. Future studies will further our understanding on heat tolerance mechanisms and mungbean improvement programs for better growth in warmer areas.