كلمة المُراجع (التقريظ)
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على أشرف المرسلين، سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه أجمعين.
وبعد
فإن للغة العربية سحرًا لا يعرفه إلا من سبر أغوارها من أهلها أو من غير أهلها، وحب اللغة العربية متجذر في قلوب المسلمين، عربًا وغير عرب، بل إن شئت الحق؛ يهيم بها المسلمون من غير العرب ممن أنعم الله عليهم بمعرفتها قراءة وكتابة وتحدثًا، وقد يندهش العرب من هذا الكلام، مستبعدين أن يكون هناك من ينافسهم في حب لغتهم، ولكني سأفاجئك بقولي إن من المسليمن غير العرب من بَذَّ العرب أنفسهم وتفوق عليهم في معرفة اللغة العربية ودقائقها، والأمثلة على هذا كثيرة، وخاصة في باكستان التي يتميز شعبها بحب اللغة العربية تبعًا لحبهم لدينهم، ولنبيهم صلى الله عليه وسلم؛ ولنا أن نذكر العالم الجليل الأستاذ الدكتور عبد العزيز الميمني رحمه الله، والأستاذ الدكتور ظهور أحمد أظهر، والأستاذ الدكتور خورشيد رضوي، والأستاذ الدكتور سليم طارق حفظهم الله؛ فهؤلاء هم النبراس في اللغة العربية وعلومها في شبه القارة الباكستانية الهندية في عصرنا الحاضر، وبهم تستنير الأجيال، وتسير على خطاهم، والباحثة الباكستانية الدكتورة مكية نبي بخش من الجيل الجديد الذي تتلمذ على يد واحد من أولئكم العلماء الأفذاذ؛ أقصد الأستاذ الدكتور سليم طارق خان أستاذ اللغة العربية بالجامعة الإسلامية ببهاولبور؛ فنهلت من ينابيع علمه ما جعلها تجيد اللغة العربية إجادة يغبطها عليها أهلها، رغم أنها عاشت بين أهل العربية زمنًا، إلا أن الأساس عندها يرجع إلى هذا الأستاذ العظيم، وإليه يعود الفضل في توجيهها التوجيه الصحيح لخدمة اللغتين العربية والأردية؛ فأعدت رسالتها للدكتوراة دراسة مقارنة بين الشاعرة العربية العراقية الكبيرة "نازك الملائكة" والشاعرة الباكستانية الأردية الكبيرة "بروين شاكر"، وبعد أن مَنَّ الله عليها، وأتمت أطروحتها، وحصلت بها على درجة الدكتوراة من الجامعة الإسلامية ببهاولبور، قررت أن تنشرها في شكل كتاب بعد تنقيحها ومراجعتها، لتعم...
This pandemic has affected family life around the world. As a result of lockdown individuals are already experiencing significant revenue and job losses. The ability to ‘Work from Home’ (WFH) can help damp down the impact of the situation, undoubtedly. Overall, the effects of WFH arrangements rely a lot on the job status of parents and presence of dependents (children & elderly), and this current situation is likely to intensify these differences. It does not necessarily mean, however, that the effect of the crisis should inevitably be gender neutral. Working women have been particularly affected. It seems to be very fascinating to work from home, while sitting on a comfortable couch, casually dressed, even sometimes in sleep suits, without stepping out in scorching heat and wasting time in traveling, but this may not be a preferred situation for everybody, especially women. The most significant impact on working women during the crisis will be trying to balance household demands, childcare needs and work demands. The group most likely to be hardest hit then would be lower income families with young children, and single mothers in particular. Generally women are in charge of planning, organizing and recalling of everything that needs to be remembered. The mental stress and load that comes with such work has risen exponentially in present circumstances. Even though many countries are relied on lockdown to control widespread of COVID-19 pandemic, the mental problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal thoughts and other psychological trauma are most common in case of normal individual and extensive in case of people who are psychologically ill. Females are more prone to psychological distress. The main concern is to manage and provide opportunities for regulation of stress caused due to anxiety and lack of peer contact. Another main threat is an increased risk of parents to develop mental illness, women may also suffer from domestic violence and consequently it results child maltreatment. The current scenario may be particularly challenging especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, also if someone has prior trauma experiences, undiagnosed mental health problems, background of migration and low socioeconomic status.
The rapid growth in fields of computational biology, data mining and combinatorial chemistry results in an increased demand of combinatorial algorithms which produce exhaustive lists of combinatorial objects especially those objects which are symmetric under some equivalence relation. In this thesis we develop efficient algorithms for generation of bracelets with fixed density, bracelets with fixed content, and non- isomorphic unicyclic graphs. All of the above mentioned algorithms list only one representative object from each equivalence class. A bracelet is said to be of fixed density, if number of occurrences of the symbol 0 is fixed. The algorithm for generation of bracelets with fixed density generates a complete set of bracelets with fixed density of arbitrary base in lexicographic order. A simple mapping technique is used to prove that our algorithm works in constant amortized time. Bracelets with fixed content are those in which number of occurrences of each symbol is fixed. We devise an efficient algorithm to list bracelets with fixed content in reverse lexicographic order. Again, by using an injective mapping we prove that the algorithm works in constant amortized time with the condition that number of occurrences of the largest symbol is maximum. Our analysis also gives a simpler alternate proof for the original bracelet algorithm presented in “Generating bracelets in constant amortized time” by J. Sawada. Moreover, an enumeration formula for bracelets with fixed content is obtained. Listing of non-isomorphic graphs is known to be computationally very hard. However, when we restrict the graphs to have exactly one cycle, the problem can be efficiently solved in constant amortized time. In this thesis, we give a CAT algorithm to list all unlabeled non-isomorphic unicyclic graphs.