قاضی ظہورالحسن ناظمؔ سیوہاروی
افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینہ قاضی ظہور الحسن صاحب ناظمؔ سیو ہاری نے داعی اجل کولبیک کہا۔ مرحوم رشتہ میں راقم الحروف کے ماموں تھے۔بڑے ذہین، طباع،بذلہ سنج اورقادرالکلام شاعر تھے۔فن پربڑاعبور تھا۔تاریخ گوئی میں توشاید ہی اُن کاکوئی جواب ہو۔اس خاص کمال کی وجہ سے نظام حیدرآباددکن کے دامنِ دولت سے وابستہ ہوگئے اورعرصہ تک وظیفہ پاتے رہے۔غالباً۱۹۲۸ء میں جب ’’نظام‘‘ گورنمنٹ انڈیا سے برارکا معاملہ طے کرنے دلّی آئے تھے تومرحوم نے اس تقریب سے ایک عجیب وغریب قصیدہ لکھا تھا جس میں ۱۹ اشعارتھے اور ہرشعر سے سات طرح دلّی آنے کی تاریخ نکلتی تھی۔پھر لطف یہ تھا کہ ہرشعر کے پہلے حرف کوملائیے تواُسی بحر اوراُسی ردیف وقافیہ کاایک شعرہوجاتا تھا اوراس سے بھی سات طرح تاریخ برآمد ہوتی تھی۔نظام نے اس پر خوش ہوکر ان کے منصب میں اضافہ کردیا اوراب وہ مستقلاً حیدرآباد میں رہنے لگے تھے۔ علاوہ بریں اُن کو تصنیف وتالیف کا بھی بڑا متنوع ذوق تھا۔ تاریخ،فقہ،ادب و تنقید، لسانیات، شعروشاعری ان میں سے ہرموضوع پرانھوں نے کتابیں لکھی ہیں۔آخر میں اردو کی انسائیکلو پیڈیا لکھنی شروع کی تھی جوناتمام رہ گئی۔اخلاقی اعتبار سے خوش مزاج اورخندہ روبزرگ تھے۔لطائف وظرائف سینکڑوں کی تعداد میں یاد تھے اور انھیں موقع و محل کے لحاظ سے مزے لے لے کرسناتے تھے۔نماز باجماعت پڑھتے تھے اورادووظائف کاشغل بھی رکھتے تھے۔بزرگان دیوبند کے صحبت یافتہ اوران کے نام کے عاشق تھے۔دنیوی معاملات میں بھی بڑی سوجھ بوجھ رکھتے تھے۔اللھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔
[مئی۱۹۶۰ء]
Goldziher 1850-1921 is a Jewish Orientalist. His interest in the study of Islam took him to the famous Syrian scholar Sheikh Tahir Al-Jazāirī and after spending a long time in his company he moved to Palestine and then to Egypt. Where he benefited from the scholars of Aẓhar University. Among the Orientalists who have formally and fundamentally debated the Qur'anic text and recitations is Gold Poison. He is known for his objections to Hadith and Qur'anic recitations. Dr. Abdul Haleem Al-Najjar, a lecturer at Cairo University, has translated the famous book Muslim Studies of Goldziher into Arabic concerning the different methods and methods of recitation, tafsir, and tafsir of the Holy Quran. This translation was first published by Maktab al-Khanji in Cairo, Egypt in 1955 and reached the hands of the masters of science and literature and became popular. This book is a unique and brand new work of its kind in presenting various topics of the Quran and important aspects of Islamic culture and history in an excellent manner and style. Goldziher proved his meticulous study of the religions of Tafsir al-Islami and his in-depth study of Islam. But there is a difference between a Muslim and a non-Muslim studying Islam, this difference is visible in this book. Goldziher did not describe all the methods of commentary in this book. In addition, the author, like other Orientalists, has erred in interpreting some religious sentiments. Some Muslim scholars call such objections to Goldziher scientific errors. And some see it as part of a deliberate Zionist Orientalist conspiracy. However, the aspects of Tafseer which Goldziher has written about are very important, and much more needs to be written about them. Goldziher's investigation into the Qur'anic text has opened up new avenues for other Orientalists.The said article will present an analytical study of the Qur'anic text, Goldziher's objections to various recitations, and the contents of the book.
The optimum treatment outcome of radiation therapy depends on accurate determination of radiation dose which is possible only after the detail analysis of quality assurance procedures in the Radiotherapy Treatment Planning, ensuring dosimetric characteristics of the machines and precise treatment execution. It was intended to develop dosimetric phantoms to imitate the actual patient’s anatomy for authentication of absorbed dose in target tumor and to assure the quality of radiotherapy treatment. An anthropomorphic PRESAGE ® phantom was created in the shape of a breast for external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Five fields intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), three field partial breast and SAVI 6-1 applicator brachytherapy plan was used to evaluate the breast phantom. The anthropomorphic breast PRESAGE ® was scanned with the Duke midsized optical CT scanner (DMOS-RPC) and optical density (OD) was converted to dose distribution. Comparisons were performed between the dose distribution calculated with the Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system, GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film and PRESAGE ® for IMRT and 3DCRT partial breast plan. Oncentra® Master Brachy planning was also used for the comparison of PRESAGE ® and GAHCHROMIC® EBT2 film measurements. For IMRT, Gamma map comparisons showed that Pinnacle 3 well agreed with PRESAGE ® for more than 95% of comparison points of the planning tumor volume (PTV), passed ±3%/±3 mm criterion when the outer 8 mm of phantom data were excluded. Edge artifacts were observed in the optical CT reconstruction, from the surface to a depth of almost 8 mm. For 3DCRT partial breast planning Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) of gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical tumor volume (CTV) and PTV for the PRESAGE ® dosimeter and Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system confirmed a likeness of 97.8% of the prescribed dose. Gamma map comparisons showed that all three distributions agreed with greater than 95% of comparison points passing the ±3% / ±2 mm criterion. DVHs of the skin and PTV_EVAL (PTV_ Evaluation) Brachytherapy for PRESAGE® and Oncentra® differed by a maximum of 4 to 8% respectively. A prostate anthropomorphic viRPC (Radiological Physics Center) phantom was also used which contained TLD (Thermoluminescent dosimeters) and GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film to evaluate the spot scanning proton therapy. The results of spot scanning proton therapy shows that the Right/Left, Inferior/Superior and Posterior/Anterior aspects of the coronal/sagittal and EBT2 film measurements were within ±7%/±4mm of the treatment planning system (TPS). This work demonstrates the feasibility of the PRESAGE ® to be fashioned into anthropomorphic shape and establishes the accuracy of Pinnacle 3 for breast IMRT as well as for 3D and brachytherapy planning. Furthermore, the extension of this work can lead to investigate 3D dosimetry with more complex anthropomorphic phantoms. RPC-Anthropomorphic prostate phantom could be used to establish quality assurance of spot scanning proton beam within certain confidence levels. The quality of treatment can be improved with the utilization of PRESAGE® in both external beam radiotherapy as well as brachytherapy. An anthropomorphic phantom is a good substitute of actual patients’ and can be a valuable tool for treatment planning in all types of radiation therapy including spot scanning proton therapy for authentication of absorbed dose measurements and resultantly can increase the accuracy and quality of the treatment.