برصغیر میں غیر مسلم اہل قلم کے بزبان اردو تراجم و تفاسیر قرآنی

Islamic literary legacy is diverse and multidimensional in Sub-continent despite its being prone to religious b and the issue of migration integral part of Islamic literary legacy is the Quranic translations & interpretations. The main aspect of these translations & interpretations are the endeavors put forward by Muslim as well as non-Muslim scholars. Keeping in view the endeavors translations & interpretations of Quran, the non-Muslims minorities of sub-continent can be divided into two groups. The first group of part is based on the followers of Judaism, Parsee, Buddhist, Sikhism, Jainism and idols of Kalash whose translations and interpretations is not well known. Whereas, the second group endure Christians, Hindus and Qadyanis. Christians and Hidus consider Quran as non-revealed. Since the style of their interpretations is based on criticism and rejection in aggressive manner. Whereas the interpretations by Qadyanis are focused on religious polarized beliefs and ideologies taking into considerations Quran as revealed. That’s why Qadyanis interpretations are not accepted in Muslim community. The criticism by non-Muslims writers has resulted in rational approach for study of Quran instead of tendency based on esteem among Muslim. This paper represents aforementioned non-Muslims services regarding Quranic Interpretations and Translations which are distinguished in Muslims Interpreters.

On Eccentric and Polynomial Based Descriptors of Graphical Structures

In chemical graph theory, numerical parameters which characterizes the molecular topology and structure of a graph are de ned as topological indices. In QSAR/QSPR di erent theoretical properties of chemical compounds as well as molecular topological in- dices such as eccentric connectivity index (ECI ), modi ed eccentric connectivity (MECI), total eccentricity (TE), connective eccentricity index (CEI ), Zagreb indices, counting polynomials and many more are used to predict the bioactivity of chemical compounds. The purpose of this thesis is to compute the characteristics of distance based topological indices in certain graphs which also covers computation of distance based topological in- dices for some type of nanostructure such as dendrimers, nanocones, few networks and counting polynomials of Benzene structure which is embedded in periodic type surface.