Islamic Perspective of Governance and Judiciary: A Literature Review

The aim of this research is to accumulate the literature related to an Islamic ideology for two of the basic components of a State, Governance and Judiciary; both have a strong impact on society. Pakistan is an Islamic ideological state, the only Islamic rule created on the name of religion after the state established by the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him) in Medina. Its constitution and the style of governance should have its foundation based upon the principles of Islam; this is the main concept behind the creation of “Islamic Republic of Pakistan”. The paper will review some of the basic requirements for an administrative system to be qualified as Islamic way of governance and the judicial system in Islam includes the formulation of a comprehensive ideology of human equality and justice; the creation of a powerful incentive to adopt this ideology; and to establish a living example of equality and justice at all levels of life by defining the Islamic Judicial System & Its Legal Basis. Different Quranic verses, sayings and acts of Muslim jurists in this perspective are also studied. The paper has literature review in two major parts, first we will cover governance and Islam along with some basic terminologies from Islamic point of view and in the later part Judiciary, the concept of Justice and Judicial system in Islam will be discussed.

Open-Flavor Strong Decays of Open-Bottom Mesons in the 3P0 Model

In this dissertation, we investigate the properties (spectrum, radiative widths and strong decay widths) of open-bottom (B,Bs and Bc) mesons. We use the non-relativistic quark potential model to calculate the masses and wave functions of the mesons. We numerically solve the radial Schr¨odinger equation by using the shooting method to find energy eigenvalues. The radiative transitions are evaluated using the Coulomb plus linear plus smeared hyperfine wave functions. We predict strong decay amplitudes by assuming simple harmonic oscillator(SHO)wavefunctionsin themodified 3P0 model. Thesimpleharmonic oscillator parameter β for different states of mesons are obtained by fitting the SHO wave function to the corresponding quark model wave function. The total decay widths of different states of open-bottommesonsarepredictedbyincludingtheradiativeandstrongwidths. Thesetotal widths are further used to calculate the branching ratios of each decay channel for a specificinitialstateofopen-bottommesons. Thetheoreticallypredictedmassesandtotaldecay widthsarecomparedtoexperimentwherepossibleandusedtomakeassignmentsfortherecentlydiscoveredstatesofopen-bottommesons. Thepredictedpropertiesofdifferentstates of open-bottom mesons can be helpful for future experimental searches and also to test our theoretical understanding against experimental measurements once they are available.