بھٹو کا ایٹمی پروگرام اور ھینری کیسنجر کی دھمکی
اگست1976ء میں امیریکن وزیر خارجہ ڈاکٹر ھینری کیسنجر بھٹو صاحب کو ایٹمی پروگرام ختم کرانے کے لیے پاکستان آئے اور بھٹو صاحب کو بہت سمجھایا کہ ایٹمی پروگرام سے دست بردار ہو جائو ورنہ نقصان میں جائو گے جس پر بھٹو صاحب نے کیسنجر سے کہا سکندر یو نانی جسے آپ الیگزینڈر دی گریٹ کہتے ہیں وہ دنیا فتح کر نے نکلا تھا لیکن جب وہ سر زمین سندھ میں داخل ہوا تو یہاں کے مکینوں نے اسے کامیاب نہیں ہو نے د یا ۔آخر کار وہ بیمار ہوا اور مایوس ہو کر لو ٹ گیا ۔
ذواالفقار علی بھٹو کی پھانسی کا فیصلہ تو دس اگست 1976ء کو ہی کر لیا گیا تھا ۔جب امریکی وزیر خارجہ ڈاکٹر ہینری کسنجر اپنی بیوی کے ساتھ پاکستان آ یا تھا جس کے اعزاز میں اس وقت کے پنجاب کے گورنر نواب صادق قریشی نے شاہی قلعہ لاہور میں تیس مخصوص آدمیوں پر مشتمل دعوت کا اہتمام کیا تھا ۔فریدہ خانم غزل گوئی میں مشغول تھیں کہ کیسنجر نے بھٹو صاحب کو بولا ۔
"Mr,Bhutto,we will run rail road engie over you"
جس پر بھٹو صاحب نے قہقہہ لگا کر جواب دیا ۔
"When the time will come,we wil see to that also"
وہ رات بھٹو صاحب کے لیے اہم تھی ۔محفل کے ختم ہونے کے بعد ڈنر سے پہلے بھٹو صاحب نے تقریب سے خطاب کیا ۔
This research is conducted, in order to perceive the attitude of higher secondary level students of Sindh towards science. Students (Male = 448, Female = 648) belonging to higher-secondary level (Class-XI & XII) from Hyderabad division were surveyed. Students were divided in Urban (N=455) and Rural (N=641) groups accordingly. “Test of Science Related Attitudes” known as TOSRA, initially developed by (Fraser, 1978) was adapted and translated in Urdu as well, was used as the attitude measurement instrument. Internalk consistancey was checked with Cronbach’s alpha reliability test. After pilot study the test was administrated. Significant difference of the attitude towards science across the students was noticed based on their gender and their locale. The results show that, with small effect size, male students significantly scored higher on almost all of the attitude sub-scales of TOSRA as compared to female students. Interestingly, students belonging to rural areas significantly scored higher with medium effect size on all the attitude sub-scale towards science as compare to students from urban areas.
Over the years, the cultivation of sunflower has emerged as a popular cash crop and the area under it has increased during the last decade in Pakistan because of its profitability than other competing crops. Besides, this crop needs little water, while its harvesting time is short and it can easily be cultivated between two major crops. The present study was conducted to improve the genetic potential of sunflower accessions for achene yield, achene weight and oil contents percentage. The breeding material consisted of more than 200 sunflower accessions out of which 9 were selected and brought into the process of pyramiding (a method aimed at assembling multiple desirable genes from multiple parents into a single genotype) to combine the above mentioned traits into one genotype through breeding. Some cross combinations were obtained following Line × Tester scheme which were pretty better showing significant positive correlations and direct and indirect effects among the morphological and quality traits. This will definitely cause a major cut to the import bill of edible oil in Pakistan which valued at Rs. 153.3 billion (US$ 1.595 billion) during the year 2012-13. Valuable information regarding gene action, combining ability, heterosis, genetic variability, heritability, genotypic correlations, phenotypic correlations and direct and indirect effects through path-coefficient analysis were generated.