سری پرکاش جی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہندوستان کی دو نامور شخصیتوں سری پرکاش جی اور پروفیسر محمد حبیب نے وفات پائی، سری پرکاش کی شخصیت مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑی اہم تھی، وہ ہندوستان کے مشہور فلسفی صوفی ڈاکٹر بھگوان داس کے فرزند اور پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو کے پرانے معتمد علیہ رفیق تھے، انگلستان کی تعلیم کے زمانہ سے لے کر ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی اور اس کے بعد تک ہر مرحلہ میں دونوں کا ساتھ رہا، آزادی کے بعد سری پرکاش حکومت کے ذمہ دار عہدوں پر رہے اور بڑی خوبی سے اپنے فرائض انجام دئیے اور اپنے اخلاص اور سلامت روی کی بنا پر پاکستان میں بھی ہائی کمشنری کے زمانہ میں مقبول رہے اور دونوں ملکوں کو قریب لانے کی کوشش کی، وہ ہماری پرانی مشترک تہذیب کی یادگار اور ہندو مسلم اتحاد کے بہت بڑے علمبردار تھے اور آخر تک اس پر قائم رہے، ان کا سب سے بڑا وصف ان کی بے تعصبی، فراخدلی اور اخلاقی بلندی تھی، وہ سیاست میں بھی صداقت و اخلاص پر عامل تھے، جو آجکل کے سیاسی لیڈروں میں کمیاب ہے اس لیے آزادی کے بعد کے حالات سے بہت بددل تھے، عرصے سے خانہ نشینی اختیار کرلی تھی، لیکن کبھی کبھی اپنے خیالات اخبار کے ذریعہ ظاہر کرتے رہتے تھے، ایک دو مرتبہ پنڈت جواہرلال نہرو کے ساتھ دارالمصنفین بھی آئے تھے، اور یہاں کے بزرگوں سے ان کے تعلقات تھے، وہ جس تہذیب کی پیداوار تھے اس کا دور اب ختم ہوگیا، سری پرکاش اس کی آخری یادگار تھے، اب ایسے نمونے نہ پیدا ہوں گے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۷۱ء)
As a result of the political crisis in Pakistan, the Martial Law regime of General Zia Al-Haq came into power on July 5, 1977. The process of Islamization was given a new boost during the period of Zia Al-Haq 1977- 1988. He launched a comprehensive scheme to eradicate non-Islamic practices in Pakistani state and society. His Islamization program contemplated significant reforms in the legal-constitutional, socioeconomic and educational institutions of Pakistan. The principles of Zakāt -‘Ushr ordinance, Islamic Ḥudūd and Penal code were introduced in the country. To Islamizing the economy Ribā abandoning and Profit and Loss sharing accounts in banks were initiated. Besides, he renamed parliament as Majlis Al-Shūrā; the Federal Sharī‘at Court, Sharī‘at Appellate Benches and Sharī‘ah Council were established in the country. Under the umbrella of Nizām-e-Muṣṭafā, social reforms were introduced, through the stressing of sanctity of the Holy month of Ramaḍān, enforcement of the bans on gambling and encouragement of chadar for women. Un-Islamic programs were banned on television and radio and news in Arabic was made compulsory. The stated objectives of President Zia’s Islamization policies were to lead Pakistan in the direction of truly Islamic state. However, the critics of his polices considered it a tool for legitimizing and enhancing his political powers in the country.
Giant reed (A. donax) has previously been explored for physiological ability to accumulate and respond to various toxic metals like As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb etc. None of the investigations identified stress responding genes and associated proteins for the detoxification of these metals to understand the genetic basis of metal tolerance of A. donax as an established metallophyte. The current study aimed to explore the metals responsive genes of A. donax plants after exposure to various metals involved in metals uptake, accumulation, tolerance and detoxification.The plants were collected from uncontaminated sites and after propagation synthetic wastewater (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg-1L) of (Cr, Cd, As, Pb, Cu and Ni) was given for three weeks by using randomized block design (RBD) in hydroponics. After 10 days leaves were separated for genetic (GR, BHLH, YSL, CH, NRAMP and Amidase) protiomic (HSP70 and HO-1), antioxidants (SOD, POD, CAT) and MDA exploration along with physiological characteristics (heights, dry weight, chlorophyll analysis) were evaluated in response to metal stress. The metals uptake reduced dry weight, Chla, Chlb and total Chl contents of giant reed. The SOD, CAT, POD activities and MDA content increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) at the maximum metals concentration over control. The highest genes expression for carotenoid hydroxylase, glutathione reductase, YSL and amidase was observed in plants above 50mg/L concentration. However, differential bHLH gene expression and slightly increased gene expression of NRAMP was noted for different metals treatments. The phylogenic tree showed that giant reed genes were closely related to glutathione reductase gene, beta-carotene hydroxylase genes, transcription factor bHLH and putative amidase as found in wheat, maize, sorghum, bamboo and setaria. It is clear from the present research that the giant reed is not only a metals hyperaccumulator and hyper-tolerant plant but the presence of signaling transduction of HSP70 and HO-1 proteins might have contributed towards plant tolerance against metal stress. Giant reed has a hyperaccumulation ability based on its strong genetic battery which makes it suitable for phytoremediation purposes. These results provided insights into the mechanisms of A. donax tolerance and survival under heavy metals stress.