مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی/نورالدین
حیدرآباد سے واپس پہنچتے ہی مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد صاحب ندوی اورجناب نورالدین صاحب بیرسٹر کے حادثۂ وفات کی خبراچانک سُنی توجی دھک سے ہوکر رہ گیا اورقلب ودماغ پرگویا بجلی گرپڑی۔ شاہ صاحب ندوۃ العلماء کے گل سرسبد، نہایت پختہ قلم مصنف، تاریخ اسلام کے وسیع النظر محقق، اردو زبان کے ادیب اورسوباتوں کی ایک بات یہ ہے کہ مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی کے صحیح جانشین اوران کے قائم مقام تھے، اوراس میں کوئی شبہ نہیں کہ تقسیم ہند کے بعد سے اب تک انہوں نے دارالمصنفین کے علمی وقار اورمرتبہ کو قائم و برقرار رکھا اور ملک کے نہایت سخت طوفانی دور میں بھی اس باغیچۂ علم وادب کی جس طرح حفاظت اوردل وجان سے اس کی آبیاری کی وہ ان کی قبائے فضل کا تکمۂ زریں ہے۔ علم وفضل اورتحقیق وتصنیف کے علاوہ اخلاق وعادات اورکردار وعمل کے اعتبار سے بھی وہ سلف صالحین کانمونہ تھے نہایت مخلص،بے لوث، عابد و زاہد، خندہ جبیں،شگفتہ طبع،ملنسار اورمتواضع اورمرنجان ومرنج۔
موخرٔ الذکر ہندوستان کے نامی گرامی بیرسٹر تھے سپریم کورٹ کے ممتاز قانون دانوں میں ان کاشمار ہوتاتھا۔ قومی اورملی کاموں میں پیش پیش رہتے تھے۔ طبیعت قلندرانہ پائی تھی۔ایک برس دلی کے مئیر ( MAYOR)اوراس حیثیت سے بہت کامیاب رہے تھے، دوسرے برس انہوں نے میئر ہونے سے انکار کردیا۔مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ کی وائس چانسلر شپ کئی مرتبہ پیش کی گئی لیکن انہوں نے قبول نہیں کی، وہ اگر چاہتے تومرکزی کابینہ میں شمولیت اورکسی ملک کی سفارت کاحصول اُن کے لیے معمولی بات تھی، لیکن کبھی ان چیزوں کی طرف انہوں نے آنکھ اٹھا کر نہیں دیکھا۔ بیرسٹر بہت اونچے درجے کے تھے، وہ بہت آسانی سے کروڑ پتی بن سکتے تھے، لیکن عمر بھر کرایہ کے مکان میں رہے، اور یوں بھی بہت سادہ...
Impact of Christian Monasticism and Islamic Mysticism on Various Aspects of Human Life: An Analysis from Islamic Perspective The science of Islamic belief "علم العقيدة" has been considered as most significant disciplines among different branches of knowledge as it played an essential, rather cardinal role in human life. This scholarly work intends to look into development of Monasticism in Christianity and Mysticism in Islam in different phases and its impact upon human life. Qualitative and descriptive research methodology has been applied for analysis of data. The research has particularly addressed four noteworthy aspects of the theme: firstly, Historical development of Monasticism in Christianity, secondly; Development of monastic tendencies in Islamic mysticism thirdly; Reflections of Monasticism upon various aspects of human life, and finally; Analysis of Monasticism in the light of Quran and Sunnah. The review of literature disclosed that monasticism is one of the main contributions of Christianity which later on influenced Islamic mysticism. Through centuries of contact it has left an immense influence upon Muslim societies which has changed the real picture of Islam. In the beginning, it was considered the source of self-purification but unfortunately lately it has developed into more mundane phenomenon. Recently it has been utilized as a source of income for spiritual masters and has produced complex mixture of superstitions for the community. Despite of that it has been argued that the real form of Mysticism could not be overlooked thus the Islamic mysticism has been divided into three categories by Muslim scholars: legislated (شرعي), heresy (بدعي), and infidelity (كفري). In this short paper the main focus will be on the impact of Christian monasticism on Islamic Sufism in general and that of Islamic Sufism on social life in particular.
Microorganisms are commonly used in biotechnological and environmental processes through exploitation of their natural catalytic activities. An indigenous white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum IBL-05 was used for Lignin peroxidase (LiP) production using wheat straw as lignocellulosic substrate in solid state fermentation (SSF). The SSF process for LiP production was improved by optimizing some physical and nutritional parameters at pre-optimized pH 4.5 and temperature 35 o C. By optimization different physical and nutritional factors, LiP production by the fungus was substantially enhanced and the maximum LiP activity (1019.6 IU/mL) was obtained after 48h with Medium III, 60% moisture level, 5mL inoculum size, glucose as and urea as a carbon and nitrogen source in 15:1 C/N ratio, 1mL of 2mM Zn 2+ as metal ion, 1mL of 4mM 4-MMA as LiP mediator. Surfactants like Tween-80, Tween-20 and SDS suppressed LiP synthesis by G. luucidum IBL-05. LiP produced under optimum conditions was purified by 80% of ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography to 6.4 fold to get 16.8 % yield and 2860.049 U/mg specific activity. The purified LiP was run on SDS-PAGE to determine its molecular organization and molecular mass. The presence of two bands (47 kDa and 28 kDa) on SDS-PAGE confirmed that the enzyme was an oligomeric protein composed of two polypeptide chains. Immobilization of LiP using xerogels of different hydrophobicity enhanced its activity as compared to free LiP. The enzyme entrapped in 1:5 P/T ratio gel was the most active. Immobilized and free. The immobilized LiP showed optimum pH 3 and optimum temperature 55 o C while free LiP showed the same optimum pH 3 but optimum temperature was 40 o C. Immobilized LiP was more thermostable as compared to free LiP. The Km values for free and immobilized LiP were 0.83 and 0.5 mM, respectively and their respective V max values were 545.6 and 639.7 mM/min, respectively. Immobilized LiP was more efficient decolorizer of selected textile dyes and practical textile industry effluents.