The Enigma of Stable Employment: Does Job Security Really Make Difference in Employee Performance?

Employees are the precious assets of organizations and play a vital role in success or failure of any organization. Job security is one of the main goals of employees in Pakistan. It is also considered one of the important factors for job attitude. As it has been considered and supported by researches that job security creates job satisfaction and job satisfaction has positive relationship with performance. This research explored relationship between job security and job performance of employees in organization. The sample consists of 60 employees from nine organizations of District Badin (Private, Public & NGOs), convenient sampling technique was used. Close-ended Questionnaire was divided in two portions, the first portion comprises on 6 items about job security that was filled by employees, and the second portion consists of 15 items about job performance and was filled by their bosses afterward. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 in terms of Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Correlation. Non-confirmed employees are performing better as compared to confirmed employees due to fear of loss of job at any time as they believe that performance causes to get a job secured. Results demand for serious consideration about motivation, evaluation, confirmation and probation policies in organizations.

Psychological Construct As Core Determinant of Effective E-Learning Process

The purpose of the current study is to examine the role of external influences (i.e. E- environment and Technology-Internet-Quality) associated with individual’s psychological influences (i.e. Learning Orientation, Learning Motives, Perceived-Ease-of-Use and Perceived- Usefulness) and customer satisfaction. Basically, study identifies the environmental, technological and psychological perspectives in the development/creation of particular of consumer’s response behaviors through the cognitive process in the context of e-learning. Current study was based on descriptive and causal research design. Data was collected from a sample of 1,338 customer / students of e-learning (from three universities providing E- learning education) through convenient sampling. Hence, responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling through AMOS 22. The results suggest that customers’ e-environmental, technological and psychological influences play a significant role in the development of customer satisfaction as well as subjective well-being. In comprehensive manner, the finding indicates that ‘E-environment (i.e. Self-Paced Learning Environment and Instructor-Led Learning Environment)’ and ‘Technology factors (i.e. Technology Quality and Internet Quality)’ have positive impact on individual’s psychological influences (i.e. Learning Orientation, Learning Motives, Perceived-Ease-of-Use and Perceived- Usefulness) and which ultimately determine customer’s satisfaction and his/her subjective wellbeing. Finally, the overall results of the current study contribute in building a rigor of social cognitive theory and consumer planned behavior theory in the context of e-learning. The study, adds significant value to the literature in three ways: first, it provides comprehensive discussion on e-learning construct and also the role of motivational forces in the ixformation of customer satisfaction as well as his/her subjective well-being from two perspectives i.e. external influence (e-environment and technology elements) and internal influence (psychological elements). Second, Stimulus-Organism-Response framework is used to conceptualize and propose that an individual’s external influences affect the psychological influences, thus leading to the development of response behavior. Third, conceptual framework is based on the integration of two disciplines in the formation of individual ‘behavior i.e. ‘consumer behavior’ (Stimulus-Organism-Response Model) and Information Technology (Technology Acceptance Model). Basically, this framework is used to test and verification of the individual’s planned behavior theory derived from individual psychology, social psychology and IT. According to consumer’s cognitive process, it is established that customer’s e-environmental, and technological factors have significant impact on psychological characteristics which ultimately effects his/her response behaviors. This study would be helpful in making good relationships with customers/students to improve their learning skills and enhance learning motives. To the knowledge of the researcher, the study of customer satisfaction and subjective well-being simultaneously in individual’s psychology, consumer behavior studies and technology contexts is almost ignored. Neither has it been studied quantitatively. Thus, the current study also intends to fill these gaps and contributes to the existing literature on these issues besides improving the understanding of the academicians, policy makers, universities’ management, psychologists, behaviorists, IT experts and marketers regarding these major issues working behind e-learning implementation.