Factors Affecting the Failure of Patient Safety Target Indicators in the Regional Hospital of the Datu Beru Takengon Central Aceh

The application of patient safety management is very important in an effort to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse patient safety incidents. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the achievement of patient safety target indicators. The method is a quantitative observational study with a cross sectional study approach. The study population was a nurse who worked in the inpatient room with a sample of 60 people who were taken by purposive sampling. The statistical test used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the Multiple Linear Regression Test show that knowledge, communication systems, commitment and experience (regression coefficient values ​​of 0.164, 1.1192, 0.528 and 1.169 have a positive influence on the achievement of patient safety goal indicators and leadership, risk management systems and reporting systems have a significant influence. Negative impact on the achievement of patient safety target indicators (regression coefficient values ​​of -0.064, - 0.967 and -0.281). The results of the t test were obtained that the communication system is the dominant factor that has a significant effect on the achievement of the patient safety goal indicators. Significant towards the achievement of patient safety target indicators. It is expected that input or consideration for the hospital in evaluating and improving hospital policies in increasing the achievement of patient safety target indicators is in accordance with existing targets.

Formulation of Us Foreign Policy for India and Pakistan: An Investigation of Variation in Aprroaches of Democratic and Republican Parties 1989-2012

Foreign policy has great importance in every part of history because it had played a significant role to transform the modern international world and its politics. In the past as well as in the present states have different behaviors and their foreign policies, hawkish and dovish, isolation and cooperation, alignment and de-alignment. These behaviors not only play a vital role to understand the relations between states but also help to understand that how the state’s internal values influence on foreign policy. It is a fact that foreign policy of the state also reflects its internal conditions and has some variation because the government of the state deals with both internal and external affairs of the country and follows the particular values and customs (which grow up within the boundary of states) for making the policies. It is considered that the US, under the Republican and Democratic eras, has not any variation on foreign policy matters and has similar interests and objectives under both administrations. It is true that the objectives of the US foreign policy do not change with the regime change from one party to another party in the US but it is wrong to say that both parties have the same approach to achieve the objectives. Two major ideologies Conservative and Liberalism are highly dominant in American politics, public, and its political parties. Republican follows the Conservative approach (Hamiltonians) while the Democrats deal the (internal and external) matters with the Liberal approach (Jeffersonian). So these features of the US foreign policy have a great influence on India and Pakistan relations with the US. Republican Party gives importance to foreign policy and playsa strong role in international politics. However, Pakistan is more suitable for fulfilling its national interest i.e. security alliances during Cold War, fought proxy war in Afghanistan in 1981 and the war against terrorism after 9/11, because it has also known as conservatives. On the other side, Indian attract the Democrats because they have a strong democracy and secular based constitution. Thus, duringthe era of Roosevelt, Kennedy, Carter, Clinton and Obama India has enjoyed good relation with the US than Republicans, and Pakistan had played a significant role during Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, and G.W. Bush presidency. During these eras, Pakistan received a lot of economic and military aid which was helpful to stabilize the economic situation of Pakistan on the other side it has also faced sanctions and embargos during Democrats.