عوامی ہیرو عبدالرشید عاجز
زوارحسین کامریڈ
شہید بھٹو کے عدالتی قتل کے خلاف خود سوزی کر نے والے عوامی ہیرو ،سپوت لائلپور عبدالرشید عاجز کی ناقابل مصالحت جدو جہد کی کہا نی ۔عبدالرشید عاجز محنت کشوں کے شہر لائلپور /فیصل آباد میں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے جیالے کارکن تھے ۔ان کی رہائش محلہ پنج پیر میں تھی ۔شہید بھٹو کی عوامی حکومت میں وہ ہمہ وقت اپنے علاقے کے مسائل زدہ مکینوں کے مصائب کے خاتمے میں کوشاں رہتے تھے ۔ضیاء مارشل لاء کے خلاف پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے کارکنوں کی جرات مندانہ اور ناقابل مصا لحت جد وجہد میں بھی ان کا کردار بہت نمایا ں ہے ۔شہید بھٹو کے عدالتی قتل کا فیصلہ سنائے جانے کے بعد قائد عوام کی رہائی کے لیے ملک گیر تحریک کے ثمرات جب توقع کے برعکس ہوئے تو احتجاج کو تیز کرنے اور عالمی میڈیا کی توجہ حاصل کر نے کے لیے یکم اکتوبر1978ء کو لاہو ر کے لکشمی چوک میں عبدالرشید عاجز نے اپنے آپ کو نذر آتش کر کے خود سوزی کر لی تھی ۔دنیا بھر کی سیاسی تاریخ میں کسی بھی سیاست دان کے لیے جان نثار کر نے کا یہ اولین واقعہ تھا ۔زیر نظر تصویر شہید جمہوریت کی آخری آرام گاہ واقع قبرستان ببر سائیں جھنگ روڈ کی ہے ۔یہاں پارٹی کارکنان سابق صوبائی وزیر و سینئر پارٹی رہنما بدرالدین چوہدری اور مزدور رہنما حاجی طفیل محمد مرحوم ،پارٹی کے سابق مرکزی رہنما قیوم نظامی ،آغا ندیم ،شیخ شاہد ،ادریس بٹ ،جاوید چوہدری ،مہر عبدالرشید آف محلہ پنج پیر اور شوکت قصائی فاتحہ خوانی کر رہے ہیں ۔افسوس عبدالرشید عا جز اور پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی و دیگر سیاسی جماعتوں کے ہزاروں کارکنوں و قائدین جن میں بھٹو ز سب سے نمایاں ہیں ،کی قربانی بھی پاکستان...
Today’s world is a global village. Societies affect each other far deeper and faster than ever. New problems are sprouting with every coming day. We feel that the cultural issues are the most significant ones in this context. The question is how we should deal with these problems. To us, the solution lies in the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention), one of the instruments of Sharī‘ah (Islamic Law). Such is its importance as all the four schools of thought are of the same opinion about its scope. A cultural change if drives Muslims away from the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will have to be stopped or altered to suit the objectives, but if it leads to something good without damaging the objectives of Sharī‘ah, it will be accepted. New problems are multifarious. We need to bring ijtihād into practice and solve such problems. This research article discusses the concept of Sadd al-Dharā’i‘(prevention.), its meaning, definition, and scope. It also discusses different opinions of scholars. The author of this paper, then, deliberates its use for its applications to solve the new problems being faced by the Muslims across the world.
Compulsive buying is a phenomenon that has received considerable attention from psychologists, behavioral and marketing researchers as well. Compulsive buying behavior as an addictive tendency or compulsive attribute, insistently arising from rushing, repetitive motive(s) for buying that might or might not be irresistible, gratifying or relieving but for sure it is essentially disturbing to normal functioning. Concurrently, consumer’s compulsive buying behavior is also considered as planned or goal oriented behavior that is shaped by different social and psychological influences. In collectivist culture of Pakistan, social environment or social factors such as individual’s social values and their conformity to group’s norms motivate to fulfill certain social needs. This typical social fabric and proliferation of the culture of excessive consumption/buying makes it, both a need and opportunity, to analyze compulsive buying behavior as well as its process that has not been holistically and systematically studied in the existing literature. The current study identifies the social and psychological perspectives of consumer’s compulsive buying behavior and analyzes the cognitive decision process regarding appearance products. Hence, individual’s social influences studied in this research comprise of social values and attention-to-social-comparison-information, whereas, psychological influences consist of hedonic shopping motives, materialistic attitude, purchase decision involvement and impulsive buying intention. The study, adds significant value to the literature in three ways: first, it provides comprehensive discussion on compulsive buying behavior construct and also the role of motivational forces in the formation of compulsive buying behavior is discussed from two perspectives i.e. social and psychological. Second, Stimulus-Organism-Response framework is used to conceptualize and propose that an individual’s social influences affect the psychological influences, thus leading to the development of compulsive buying behavior. Third, conceptual framework is used to verify the model of consumer’s planned behavior theory and it is established that consumer’s social and psychological characteristics influence impulsive buying intention which ultimately effects compulsive buying behavior.In current study, data was collected from a sample of 1,120 consumers and a total of 1,010 responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that consumer’s social and psychological influences play a significant role in the development of compulsive buying behavior. The finding indicate that consumers’ attention-to-social-comparison-information is, in-general, a significant motivator/stimulator of their hedonic shopping motives, materialistic attitude and purchase decision involvement, whereas, social values have significant impact only on hedonic motives and which ultimately results in impulsive buying intention as well as compulsive buying behavior. Consequently, consumer’s social values, attention-to-social-comparison- information, hedonic shopping motives and materialistic attitude have indirect, whereas, purchase decision involvement and impulsive buying intention have direct effect on the development of consumer’s compulsive buying behavior. Finally, the overall results of the current study contribute in building a rigor of social cognitive theory and consumer planned behavior theory in the context of consumer’s compulsive buying behavior. This research is a valuable addition in the domain of S-O-R model and the findings of the research would be helpful in making different selling and retailing decisions. At policy level, the findings would be helpful in shaping consumer protection laws. Marketers and policy makers are also advised to consider consumer education programs to safeguard consumers against the possible ills of compulsive buying behavior and enable them to overcome any financial woes resulting from it. To the knowledge of the researcher, the study of compulsive buying behavior simultaneously in social and psychological contexts is almost ignored. Neither it has been studied quantitatively. So, the current study provides an empirically valid S-O-R conceptual framework to understand the cognitive process of consumer’s compulsive buying behavior and the dissertation also opens new doors of inquiry especially in the context of collectivist societies.