Factors Affecting the Failure of Patient Safety Target Indicators in the Regional Hospital of the Datu Beru Takengon Central Aceh

The application of patient safety management is very important in an effort to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse patient safety incidents. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the achievement of patient safety target indicators. The method is a quantitative observational study with a cross sectional study approach. The study population was a nurse who worked in the inpatient room with a sample of 60 people who were taken by purposive sampling. The statistical test used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the Multiple Linear Regression Test show that knowledge, communication systems, commitment and experience (regression coefficient values ​​of 0.164, 1.1192, 0.528 and 1.169 have a positive influence on the achievement of patient safety goal indicators and leadership, risk management systems and reporting systems have a significant influence. Negative impact on the achievement of patient safety target indicators (regression coefficient values ​​of -0.064, - 0.967 and -0.281). The results of the t test were obtained that the communication system is the dominant factor that has a significant effect on the achievement of the patient safety goal indicators. Significant towards the achievement of patient safety target indicators. It is expected that input or consideration for the hospital in evaluating and improving hospital policies in increasing the achievement of patient safety target indicators is in accordance with existing targets.

Effective Civil Society in Pakistan Comprehensive Analysis of Civil Society Effectiveness: A Case Study of Pakistan

Civil society played significant role in strengthening democracy and good governance. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of the civil society and examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Therefore, there are four independent variables (civic engagement, civic participation, civic association, and co-operation/ partnership) and one dependent variable (civil society effectiveness). After going through the extensive literature, the researcher developed the research instrument and its validity and reliability was ensured. A survey questionnaire was distributed to all the seven categories of participants, and in response of 650 questionnaires 600 were received back. For empirical verification, in depth statistical tests were applied, including Standard Regression, Structural Equation Model (SEM), One Sample T-test, and correlation is applied to test various assumptions of the study. Statistical analysis revealed that independent variables significantly contributed to the dependent variable. This study signifies the impact of independent variables (civic engagement, civic participation, civic association, and co-operation/ partnership) to achieve the effectiveness of civil society. Along with this, both (national and international) databases have been used for the qualitative analysis. Therefore, databases and survey results showed similar results. This research revealed that civil society does not hold good history in Pakistan. Both civilian and military dictators did not give free space to the civil society in the country. This showed that civil society organizations had a limited political space in the country. Therefore, CSOs have limited impact on policy making and implementation. Government always imposed draconian laws to suppress the civil society in the country. The study also indicated weak civil society in the country. The research recommends that civil society should move beyond the awareness raising to mitigate the conditions conducive to spread of terrorism and extremism, which include marginalization, injustice, and violation of human rights, lack of rule of law, fragile democratic culture, and poor governance.