''المواھب اللدنیۃ با لمنح المحمدیۃﷺ'' کا تعارفی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical study of the

Although Imam Qusṭalānī, in compiling his book "Al-Mawāhib Al-Laduniyat Bil Minḥ Al-Muhammadiyah", has followed the footsteps of Qazi Ayaz’s book Al- Shifā. But many chapters and information are unique to them and he has expanded this book with his additions and made it a treasure trove of information. This book is a beautiful fusion of the traditions of Muhaddithin and Ahl-e-Siyyar. Because he was not only a muhaddith but also a biographer. Were his greatest service in the learning of Hadith is "Irshad Al-Sārī Sharh Saḥiḥ Bukhārī", there his most significant service in Sira is this book. He has used the traditions of both the narrators and the Biographers in compiling it. In this book, the locks of meanings are opened with the keys of Fatḥ Al-Bārī Li Ibn-e-Hajar ‘Asqalānī. In other words, he has benefited a lot from Fatḥ Al-Bārī Sharḥ Bukhari and has gained a lot of confidence. A large number of scholars have used this book, including Shiblī Nu‘mānī, who has made extensive use of it in his Sirat un-Nabiﷺ . Due to its popularity, many of its rates have been written. The most detailed of these is the Zurqānī rate of Qusṭalānī. The great scholar like Imam Zarqani has commented in eleven volumes of this book, which is proof of its authenticity, noteworthy, and worth reading and treasure. Sheikh Nūruddin Ṭrabulsī gave Sharh and great people like Safiuddin Qasashi, Burhanuddin Ibrahim Maimoni, Shamsuddin Muhammad Shobri Misri and Nooruddin Ali Qari embellished this book with their footnotes. On the one hand, it teaches love and respect for the Holy Prophet ﷺ and on the other hand, it mentions the rights of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the rewards for their payment. The writing style of the book is simple and smooth as well as eloquent and eloquent. The temptation is not so long that the length will be too long for the reader, nor is it so short that access to the concepts and demands will not be possible due to the brevity. The book has been read by the people and it has been adopted by biographers as an authentic and reliable source. Because of its importance and usefulness, an introductory and analytical study of this book will be presented in this article.

Molecular and Serological Approach for the Detection of Trypanosoma Sp. in Blood Samples of Equines and Camels from Southern Punjab Pakistan

The present study was designed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different parasitological and molecular techniques for the detection of Trypanosoma sp. during different seasonsof year 2013 in equines and camels of Dera Ghazi Khan District and to determine the risk factors associated with the spread of trypanosomiasis. The objective of this project was to demonstrate the effect of Trypanosoma sp. on complete blood count (CBC) and selected serum biochemical parameters in camels, horses and donkeys from Southern Punjab (Pakistan). A total of 858 blood samples (291 camels, 284 horses and 283 donkeys) were collected and were subjected to blood smear examination, hematocrit centrifugation technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (by amplifying kinetoplast maxicircle DNA) to determine the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in collected samples. Blood samples were also analyzed for complete blood count and selected serum biochemical parameters (Total Protein, Creatinine, Alanine Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Transferase (AST) and Triglycerides). Out of 291 camel blood samples, 28 (9.62%) generated a 164 bp DNA fragment specific for Trypanosoma sp. Only 6 blood samples from camels (2.1%) were found positive through microscopic examination while 13 (4.46%) were positive for Microhematocrit centrifugation technique. Out of 284 blood samples from horses 16 (5.63%) samples were found Trypanosoma sp. positive by PCR. Only 5 blood samples (1.8%) were found positive through microscopic examination while 9 (3.17%) blood samples from horses were positive for Microhematocrit centrifugation technique. Out of 283 blood samples of donkeys, 19 (6.71%) samples amplified a 164 bp DNA fragment specific for Trypanosoma sp. while only 7 blood samples (2.5%) were found positive through microscopic examination and 9 (3.18%) were found positive for Microhematocrit centrifugation technique. Seasonal prevalence through PCR was 6.9% (5/72) in spring, 13.7% (10/73) in summer, 9.7% (7/72) in autumn and 8.1% (6/74) in winter in camels. Seasonal prevalence through PCR was 4.2% (3/72) in spring, 5.9% (4/68) in summer, 7.04% (5/71) in autumn and 5.48% (4/73) in winter in horses. In donkeys, seasonal prevalence through PCR was 4.76% (3/65) in spring, 8.22% (6/73) in summer, 8.45% (6/71) in autumn and 5.41% (4/74) in winter. No significant association (P˃0.05) of disease was observed with age of all studied animals. Trypanosomiasis was also found not to be associated (P˃0.05) with the gender of equines and camels during present study. A significant increase was detected in white blood cells (WBC) (P˂0.001), neutrophils(P˂0.004) and ALT(P˂0.028) in Trypanosoma sp. positive as compared to the Trypanosoma sp. negative blood samples while a significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC) (P˂0.001), hemoglobin (P˂0.001), lymphocytes (P˂0.003) and packed cell volume (P˂0.001) was observed in blood samples of camels. In horse blood samples, there was also significant increase in WBC (P˂0.001), neutrophils (P˂0.001) and ALT (P˂0.032) and a significant decrease (P˂0.001) in RBC, hemoglobin (P˂0.001), lymphocytes (P˂0.021) and packed cell volume was observed in parasite positive as compared to the parasite negative blood samples. In donkeys, a significant increase was detected in WBC (P˂0.002), neutrophils (P˂0.001) and ALT (P˂0.019) in Trypanosoma sp. positive as compared to the Trypanosoma sp. negative blood samples while a significant decrease in RBC (P˂0.001), hemoglobin (P˂0.003), lymphocytes (P˂0.001) and packed cell volume (P˂0.003) was observed. In conclusion, PCR was found more reliable and sensitive technique than the blood smear examination and microhematocrit centrifugation technique for Trypanosoma sp. detection in blood samples of equines and camels and it is recommended to be used for Trypanosoma sp. detection in epidemiological surveys and control policies in livestock sector to minimize economic losses.