مولانا حیدر حسن خاں ٹونکی
افسوس ہے ۳۱/مئی ۱۹۴۲ء کومولانا حیدر حسن خاں صاحب ٹونکی نے جو ہندوستان کے مشہور محدث اورعالم تھے اپنے وطن ٹونک میں وفات پائی۔مولانا مرحوم علوم عقلیہ ونقلیہ کے جامع اورماہر تھے۔قدیم طرزِتعلیم کے مطابق شروع شروع میں آپ کو منطق، فلسفہ اورریاضیات کے ساتھ زیادہ اشتغال رہالیکن بعد میں انھوں نے اپنی پوری زندگی حدیث کے درس و تدریس اوراس کی خدمت کے لیے وقف کردی تھی، علوم ظاہریہ کے علاوہ مکہ معظمہ جا کرباطنی سلوک و معرفت کافیض حضرت حاجی امداداﷲ صاحب مہاجر مکیؒ سے حاصل کیا تھاجس سے آخر دم تک ان کی روحانیت کاچراغ روشن رہا۔علمی وعملی کمالات کے ساتھ فضائل اوراخلاق کا پیکر تھے۔ نہایت حلیم،متواضع،منکسر اورعالی حوصلہ بزرگ تھے انھوں نے اپنی علمی خودداری کوکبھی طمع وجاہت وشہرت یاجذبۂ جلب زر کے آستانہ پر رسواکرنا گوارا نہیں کیا۔اس قسم کے جامع الفضائل علماء اب کہیں کہیں شاذ و نادر ہی نظر آتے ہیں، اس بنا پر مولانا مرحوم کی وفات اسلامی دنیائے علوم کا ایک عظیم حادثہ ہے۔دعاہے کہ حق تعالیٰ آں مر حوم کو صدیقین وشہداء کامقام جلیل عطا فرمائے۔ [اگست ۱۹۴۲ء]
This study aims to determine the synergy that can be implemented between Islamic Bank and Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) to strengthen unbankable business capital and to assess the application of sharia contracts toward some products provided by BUMDes. The research methodology used qualitative analysis, primary data obtained from informants, namely one branch manager of Islamic Bank of Indonesian (BSI), Pekanbaru branch and 14 BUMDes leaders in Tambang District, Kampar. The results show that first: two forms of synergy can be implemented between BSI and BUMDes to strengthen unbankable business capital, namely BSI finances through BUMDes then distributed to the unbankable micro-entrepreneurs and BSI distributes directly to the unbankable micro-entrepreneurs based on BUMDes recommendation then BSI provides a fee after BUMDes gives the guarantee, second: the application of sharia contracts toward some products supplied by BUMDes currently could use wadi`ah, mudharobah, musyarokah, murobahah, salam, istisna, ijaroh and wakalah.
Rove beetles belong to the largest family (Staphylinidae) of beetles in the order Coleoptera of the Class Insecta. Because of their cosmopolitan distribution with broad latitudinal ranges, they are known to play important role as pollinators, decomposers and scavengers. The studies on their biodiversity including the species richness, distribution pattern and seasonal abundance were unknown with respect to their role in ecological system in Punjab, Pakistan. The present study is therefore, being carried out to study the biodiversity of Staphylinidae in different ecological regions of Punjab. For this purpose, collection was made from cropped area (8 localities) and forest area (3 localities) of the Punjab, Pakistan with 5 different collecting methods; pitfall trapping, flight intercept trapping, light trapping, Berlese funnel trapping and sweep netting during 2008 and 2009. Population was collected for four days after every two months from each locality during the entire collection period. Relative humidity (%), temperature (C O ) and soil moisture contents (%) were also recorded for all the localities. In the cropped areas, 1083 specimens belonging to 5 subfamilies, 15 genera and 26 species were collected and identified. Paederus fuscipes Curt. was the species with the highest population (32%) overall while Tachyporus himalyicus Bernh. was with lowest population (0.4%). It was found that some species preferred some crops, e.g., Paederus fuscipes was found only in cropped areas preferably in maize and berseem crops and Oxytellus Gr. genus was found mostly in plant and leaf debris. Astilbus mixtus Cam. was found associated with termites in the sandy areas only. High Shannon weaver index value (2.572) was found from Rahim Yar Khan and lowest value (1.82) was found from Rawalpindi during 2008. In the forest areas, mostly species were collected from Changa Manga (46.67%) during 2008 and from Muridwala (38.33%) during 2009. Some species were found missing in the forest areas like Paederus fuscipes, Astilbus mixtus etc. Association between collecting methods and localities was also determined. This association was found positive only for locality 1 (Lahore). No association was found between years and localities. Most Staphylinidae were collected through pit fall traps and least was found with FIT’S. Most Staphylinidae were collected during July-August. There was also a positive correlation between relative humidity, soil moisture contents and rove beetles. Dry soils had less rove beetles as compared to the moist soils. If the soil moisture contents will be more, there will be no space for air between the soil particles then the rove beetles will be less because of mortality due to suffocation. On the basis of coefficients of association calculated from different biotic (crops and other insects) and abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture contents) that were faced by the collected species, the specimens belonging to different Staphylinidae species have been arranged into five groups with five species treated as separate on the basis of their habitat, locality, abundance and their status.