امن کے علمی مراکز: رکاوٹیں اور حل: سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

The first ever educational institute established by the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) at Masjid al-Nabawī was known as “al-Ṣuffah”. In the present world, both the Islamic religious institutes (Madāris) and the secular educational institutes can play a vital role for the promotion of peace in the society. In the perspective of the subcontinent, both, the Dāru’l ‘Ulūm Deoband and the ‘Alī Gaṛh University produced peace loving people, who later achieved freedom for the Muslims of south Asia. The Pakistani secular schools are mostly peace loving. They are producing human resources, which are ruling and serving the country. On the other hand, the religious schools have become the hub of religious extremism. However, such fanatics are found in both the educational systems. Learn to (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet our of Sunnah the follow to need We the lesson of peace from the examples of the conquest of Makkah, the battle of the trench and from Mīthāq al-Madīnah and many other. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the by peace for taken steps

Personality, Financial Self-Efficacy and Investment Decisions: the Role of Need for Cognition and Individual Moods

Using theories from personality psychology and the theory of planned behavior, this study investigated those personality variables and psychological mechanisms through which individual investor intends to make investment decisions. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between big five personality traits (Extroversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience and Agreeableness) and Investment decisions (Short term and long term). This study also examined the moderating effects of need for cognition, individual mood and mediating effects of financial self efficacy between the study variables. Data was collected from 506 individual investors by using a questionnaire. Investors were selected from Pakistan Stock Exchange. Mediation analysis was performed using Hayes (2013) PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results of the study supported a positive relationship between openness to experience, extraversion and short term investment decision. Similarly a positive relationship existed between neuroticism, conscientiousness and long term investment decisions. The results from bootstrapping supported the mediation hypothesis and financial self-efficacy mediated the relationship between agreeableness, openness to experience and short term investment decision. Further the results also supported the mediating effect of financial self-efficacy between neuroticism, conscientiousness and long term investment decision. To test the moderation hypotheses step-wise regression analysis techniques were used. The results confirmed the moderating effect of need for cognition for extrovert & neurotic investors on financial-self efficacy. The result of the study also supported the modrating role of mood on short term investment decisions. In conclusion this study has made an integrated attempt to examine the combined effect of personality, cognition and mood on an individual’s short and long term investment decisions. Drawing on the findings we discussed some implications for the policy makers including investment marketers, investment advisors and offered an advice to investors in addition to discussing some limitations and future directions