الفصل الأول: أشعار نازك الملائكة وبروين شاکر(المتشابهة)
سأتناول في ھذا الفصل بعض أشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر ثم سأتحدث عن المتشابھات في بعض أبیاتھما بشکل أجمالي، واتضح لي من خلال عملي ھذا أن ھناک متشابھات فیما بینھما (نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر) مع أن واحدۃ منهما عربیۃ والثانیۃ غیر عربیۃ، فمن خلال بحثي استنتجت بأنھما من الشاعرات الجدیدات لذلك ھُناک تشابہ في عصرھما وأحوالھما السیاسیۃ والدینیۃ والعلمیۃ والإجتماعیۃ وجمیع ھذہ المؤثرات لھا الدور الکبیر في تکوین الأفکار والأسالیب المتشابھة مع بعضھما البعض وأنھما من مشجعي الشعر الحر وصدق التعبیر لہ الید الأکبر في إیضاح أفکارھما وإیصال المعنیٰ الصحیح إلی القاريء أو السامع۔
وقد أخذت قصیدۃ من نازک الملائکۃ وقصیدۃ من بروین شاکر وقمت بمقارنتھما، ووضعت أسماء من خیالي لکل قصیدتین (قصیدۃ لنازك الملائکۃ وقصیدۃ لبروین شاکر) وھکذا۔
جدول القصائد المتشابهة
اسم قصیدۃ بروین شاکر أو بیت من غزلھا
اسم قصیدۃ نازك الملائکۃ
الإسم الخیالي
المبحث
کیسی بے چہرہ رُتیں آئیں وطن میں اب کے
The Arab’s tribes were diverse and were scattered all over Arabia. They were alien to any system, were unfamiliar of any rules and regulations. When the prophet PBUH came to them, He gently handled them, made them lenient, gathered them at the one true platform and eventually he was succeeded in uplifting them into the bondage of brotherhood. He guided them towards the political structure so that they can live under its shadow and follow its rules and regulations. He trained amongst them Preachers, judges, leaders and politicians. He sent his messengers to all the rulers of the worlds. These messengers were able to shake the Persians and Roman thrones which were considered the greatest empires of that time. They all got united against this newly arising force which later brought the greatest revolution in the history of humankind. The solutions presented by the Prophet PBUH while confronting the challenges in spreading his message, enjoy the political wit, which is considered far better than the wit of political scholars and political tycoons. His ability of prior reading of the incidents, uncovers his huge potential in his prior dealing of the matters and suggesting its solutions and substitutes. His policies played a vital role in establishing the prior relations with Njashi, and later to facilitate the Muslims during their first immigration towards Abyssinia from the cruelty of the idolaters. Moreover, He chose the best time for the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and Conquest of Mecca. He chose among his companions the one who knew the International languages and sent them as his Ambassadors to the rulers and tribal chiefs along with his written or verbal messages. He addressed the each with the method appropriate to him and suited him the best. He made best use of alliance, as he alienated the Arab tribes, from Jews and the others. In this way he was able to take a huge time to concentrate on those nations and was able to make a lot of allies. In his internal policy matters, he always tried to solve his problems, developing the society and to sabotage the malicious intentions which were planned by hypocrites, who were considered as his most dangerous enemies. His policy towards them was to admit apparently and leaving their unrevealed intentions to ALLAH. He treated them well, because he was anxious on preserving the freedom of all and the unity among his companions. When their malicious intentions started turning to become a threat to the security of Islam and started harming the interests of the society, He had not reply them strongly and dissuasively. He demolished the Mosque through which they were planning to harm the Muslim community. Moreover, he drew a line to their plans of aggression without harming anyone. He was very witty in his policies through which he was able to defeat them in the end. In this way he was able to change the course of the whole history on mankind. In this research we will try to deal with his moral wit which is considered the main characteristic of his policy.
This research endeavour on Community Participation and the Sustainability of Development Programs: A Case study of National Rural Support Program (NRSP) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was empirically carried out on an NGO namely the National Rural Support Program. The researcher adopted case study method to know how NRSP perform developmental interventions and how the decisions are taken regarding development in the target area. Staff members of NRSP and members of community organizations of four operational districts were interviewed using interview guide. A total of 84 respondents were selected through convenient sampling technique and 10 respondents were selected from each office of NRSP. In addition out of 435 community organizations 05% from each of the stratum was selected that constituted 16 male organizations and 07 female organizations. In this regard, 02 members from each organization were selected that constituted a total of 46 sample size. The study analysed the role and importance of community participation in the sustainability of developmental programs in NRSP interventions in the selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.It also critically examines the role of traditional leaders’ i.e. micro level forces influencing community participation in the sustainability of developmental programs. The study concludes that the government co-opted NRSP for carrying out those activities which the government was supposed to perform. For this purpose, the government arranged funds from the international donor organizations or provided funds through other channels like Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF). In this way the donor agencies compelled NRSP to achieve the pre-determined targets in a specific time. Furthermore the micro level forces were also constraint in the way of community participation due to their socio-political and economic position. They had say in all the affairs of the community and no developmental activity could be launched without their due consent. In this way, they monopolized and hijacked the NRSP interventions for their self-interest. The study summarised that due to the influence of traditional leaders and the pressure of donor organizations, NRSP has adopted a target oriented approach and involved the community in the Project Cycle i.e. planning, implementation and monitoring of developmental activities for fulfilling the donor’s demand. In addition, due to cultural constraints and male dominancy women could not meaningfully participate in the development planning, implementation and monitoring. Thus NRSP has failed to meaningfully involve the target communities in the project cycle of developmental interventions and achieve sustained results which are the ultimate goal of participatory development.