World Peace in the Light of Sīrah of the Prophet Muḥammad SAW

The advancement in science and technology has made the world peace and prosperity very important at this time in the human history. We find in the human history, since it was recorded, that almost all the civilizations were very intolerant, brutal to their opponents, especially, to the believers of other religions. On the other hand, the Islamic states were the most tolerant and accommodating to other religions. This fact is proved from the early history of Islām during the period of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) and his immediate successors. Similar is the case in the later history of the Muslims, during the period of the Abbasid, the Umayyids in Spain, the Turks, the Mughal era and in the Far East. Human and economic losses in wars were very huge during the first, the second world wars, and the current wars being fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. The human and material losses are horrible. The author believes that the Prophet Muḥammad (r) ’s teachings and traditions of moderation, tolerance, human respect, freedom of religious practice are the only ways to peace and prosperity in the world.

Sxp: Simplified Extreme Programming Process Model

Software development is a critical task that require comprehensive guidelines in the form of software development process model. Plan driven software development models were the earliest models that mostly provide sequential development approach. With the passage of time, changing business environment, needs and technologies made these models inappropriate for software development.Agile models were emerged to overcome the limitations of traditional plan driven software development models.These models received a huge acceptance from software industry due to their distinguishing features and practices. Extreme Programming is one of the renowned agile model that uses agile practices to handle unclear and changing requirements with good level of customer satisfaction.It uses iterative and incremental approach to develop a quality software in considerable short time duration. It works well for small scale projects however some of its limitation make it less suitable for medium and large scale projects. Lack of documentation, poor architectural structure and less focus on design are its major limitations that effect its performance. Furthermore some of its practices like on-site-customer and pair programming are a bit controversial that cannot be applied in every situation or may overburden development process when applied. To overcome these limitations and make XP suitable for medium scale projects, a customized version of XP called SXP (Simplified Extreme Programming Model is proposed in this research.Proposed model tried to cover these problem without effecting agility and simplicity of XP. SXP model introduced explicit analysis and design phase to solve design related issues. It also removes unnecessary norms of pair programming and on-site-customer practices. For validation and evaluation of this model a controlled case study is conducted. Two different teams developed medium scale projects using classical XP and Proposed SXP model respectively.Comparison of data collected against different quality parameters showed that SXP model provide considerably better results than classical XP.