اسلامی اخلاقیات واقدار کے فروغ میں خاندانی ماحول کا کردار؛معاصرانہ چیلنجز اور لائحہ عمل The role of family environment in the development of Islamic ethics and values, Contemporary challenges, and action plan

Islamic rules and moral values are unique in all aspects. The members of Muslim Ummah have always tried to promote them. At the national level, this duty was carried out by people at different levels whether they were teachers, businessmen or lay man of the society. At international level, some rulers, business professionals and religious leaders played their role. Man's first relationship is with family. This relationship is the cornerstone in the development of a personality.  There has been a lot of change taken place in the family system. In the past, due to the limited necessities of life the financial responsibility was limited to a few people. Media was not that advanced and bold and family members were loving and respectful. With the beginning of advance era, human needs were widened and to satisfy them, women started participating in economic activities along with men. Due to which the child was shifted from his home to day care centre, while the media gave birth to the social media, the stories of compassion and care in home became the past. In the present era, there is a dire need to remove these barriers that hinder the development of Islamic values through balance between income and expenditure, positive and moderate use of media and positive attitude in family. These issues will be discussed under the answers to the following questions. What is the role of family in the development of Islamic ethics? What are the problems faced by the family in the development of Islamic moral values? What are the solutions to the present-day problems?  

The Effect of Premedication With Intravenous Lornoxicam on Propofol Injection Pain at Induction of General Anaesthesia in Adults: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Propofol is widely used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia and offers many key attractive pharmacological qualities that make it suitable for these indications. However, pain on injection is one of its major drawbacks and can be very distressing to patients. There is a paucity of studies that have looked at the effect of lornoxicam on propofol injection pain either as a sole intervention or in combination with any other method. Primary objective: To determine whether premedication with intravenous lornoxicam had any effect on the intensity of propofol injection pain at induction of general anaesthesia in adult patients. Secondary Objectives: (I)To determine whether premedication with lornoxicam had any effect on the incidence of propofol injection pain at induction of general anaesthesia in adult patients.(II)To document any adverse events (allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, gastritis and/or gastrointestinal bleeding, dizziness, phlebitis) that resulted from the administration of intravenous lornoxicam for the purposes of this study. Study Design: A single centre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: 121 adult patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 were recruited from the anaesthesia clinic, day care surgery unit and the wards and randomized into the intervention and control groups following informed consent. The intervention group received 8mg of lornoxicam intravenously thirty minutes prior to induction of general anaesthesia while the control group received normal saline (inactive placebo) intravenously. Both groups then received a propofol-lignocaine admixture at induction of general anaesthesia and the pain scores during propofol injection were recorded using the critical care pain observation tool (CPOT). Results: Patients baseline characteristics were similar across both the intervention and the control groups. The lornoxicam group had a better mean pain score (0.6 ± 0.8) compared to placebo (4.5 ± 1.2), a statistically significant difference of 3.9 (95% CI, 3.57 to 4.32), t (119) = 21.1, P < .001. vi Conclusion: Premedication with lornoxicam, when combined with the fairly standard practice of a propofol-lignocaine admixture, significantly reduces the intensity of propofol injection pain at induction of general anaesthesia in adult patients.