آوارگانِ خاک
کائنات خاموشی کی ردا اوڑھے محوِ عبودیت تھی
نورِ ابد نے خلقتِ نور کو جمع کیا،اور فرمایا
’’میں چاکِ زماں پر ایک سفال زاد بھیجنے لگا ہوں
جسے زمامِ اختیار دوں گا‘‘
ایوانِ فلک میں موجود نوری مخلوق نے سرِ تسلیم اٹھایااور گویا ہوئی
یعنی وہ جو فسادو خوں ریزی کریں گے
’’جو میں جانتا ہوں وہ تم نہیں جانتے‘‘
نورِ ازل کا لمس پا کر مہرۂ خاک میں روح در آئی
اسمائے با برکت پکارے گئے
Language is the identity of a nation, a region and a territory, which serves as a link between the people of that nation and territory. On the other hand, it causes unity, uniformity, brotherhood and love. That’s why study of language has been the subject of conversation of scholars and researchers from the very first day. Wherever human beings exist on this earth planet, there are languages with their noun, verb, preposition and its sub kinds i. E. Present, past and future tense, subject, Object and pronoun. A complete structure of language is founded upon which the learned men have made valuable contribution in various decades. Survival and development of these languages owe to the efforts of these learned people. The current research study is also an effort in which discussion has been made with reference to Arabic language. Arabic is the fourth largest language of the world. It is spoken and understood in Saudi Arabia, U. A. E, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Jordon and Morocco. 3 The Universities all over the world, particularly those Universities which have leading role in the present time, not only adopt Arabic Language as medium of instruction but are not second to the Arabs in respect of Arabic Language. The present article discusses the one aspect of this historical grand language namely “derivation”. What is the source of derivation in the Arabic Language? How words are formed and how they are refined. What are different theories regarding derivation. This article is an effort to explain all these aspects
Extraction of Quince hydrogel (QH) was accomplished from seeds of Cydonia oblonga M (Quince) by hot water extraction method. Characterization of QH was accomplished by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). Swelling of QH was carried out in deionized water, buffer solutions of pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 by using gravimetric analysis, inferring that QH showed high swelling capacity in deionized water and buffer solutions of pH 7.4 and 6.8 while minor swelling was noticed in acidic buffer of pH 1.2, indicating QH as a potential biomaterial for fabrication of targeted drug delivery. Kinetic models were also applied to the swelling data acquired from swelling studies. It was concluded that swelling of QH in deionized water and phosphate buffers of pH 6.8 and 7.4 followed second order swelling kinetics. Responsiveness of QH to concentration of electrolytes was also ascertained by carrying out swelling of QH in different molar concentrations of NaCl and KCl solutions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 M). The QH was deduced to be responsive to concentration of electrolytes, showing a decrease in swelling capacity with increasing molar concentration of electrolytes. Swelling deswelling (on-off) response of QH was also evaluated in water and ethanol, water and normal saline and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and acidic buffer of pH 1.2. When water swollen QH was immersed into saline and ethanol, deswelling of QH was noticed however, deswelling in ethanol was abrupt as compared to deswelling in saline solution. Similar swelling deswelling response was noticed in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and acidic buffer of pH 1.2. These findings prove QH to be stimuli sensitive biomaterial with potential to be used in developing stimuli responsive drug delivery system.