54جیالے
5مارچ 1985ء ناصر بلوچ کی پھانسی اوور کوٹ لکھپت جیل میں الذوالفقار سازش کیس میں 54چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کے جیالوں کو سزائے موت پھر عمر قید میں تبدیلی ۔
(پاکستان کی سیاسی تاریخ کے سب سے بڑے سیاسی مقدمے کا آغاز بھی تین سیاسی کارکنوں ادریس بیگ شہید عثمان غنی شہید و ادریس طوطی شہید کو پھانسی لگا کر کیا گیا فیصلے کے دن بھی ناصر بلوچ کو پھانسی دی گئی ۔
4/5مارچ 1985ء کی درمیانی شب تھی صبح ہماری ملاقات کا دن تھا ۔جوکہ ہفتے میں ایک بار 30منٹ کے لیے ہوتی تھی ۔میں اپنیسیل میں بیٹھا سر پر تیل کی مالش کر رہا تھا کہ ثقلین شاہ (چیف چیکر جو جیل کے تمام احاطوں کا انجارج ہو تا ہے )معمول کی گشت پر میرے کمرے کے سامنے سے گزرتے ہوئے رک گیا ۔ثقلین شاہ جیل کے اچھے افسروں میں شامل تھا ۔وہ چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کا ہمدردتو تھا ایک واقعہ کے بعد گرویدہ ہو گیا یوںکہ ہمارے مقدمے کی سماعت کے دوران محرم کا مہینہ آ گیا ۔
ہم 54ساتھیوں کو پھانسی پہرہ بلاک نمبر دو سے سپیشل ملٹری کورٹ لے جایا جا تا تھا جو کہ جیل کے آخری کونے میں جہاں فیکٹری تھی وہاں خصوصی طور پر نئی تعمیر کی گئی عمارت تھی ۔ایک بہت بڑا ہال جس میں بیٹھنے کیے لیے لکڑی کے بینچ اور سامنے جج ایک برگیڈئیر ایک کرنل ایک مجسٹریٹ اور اس کا عملہ ۔درمیان میں دس فٹ کا جنگلہ تاکہ ہم جج پر حملہ نہ کر سکیں ۔برگیڈئیر سے بات کر نے کے لیے سپیکر اور مائیک کا استعمال ہو تا محرم الحرام میں جب ہمیں فوجی عدالت میں لے جا یا جا تا تو 54قیدیوں کو بیڑیاں لگی...
This research is a correlational study with two variables – variable X standing for vocabulary mastery and variable Y standing for reading comprehension. There were three research questions: (1) What is the level of correlation between variable X and variable Y; (2) How significant is the contribution that can be given by variable X toward variable Y; and (3) Is there positive correlation between variable X and variable Y? The sample of this research was fifty students of the first semester at Economic Faculty of Alkhairaat University. The instruments were tests and questionnaire. Through tests, it was found that: (1) The level of correlation between variable X and variable Y was strong; (2) The significant contribution given by variable X toward variable Y was 52.8%, meaning variable X gave much contribution to variable Y; and (3) There was positive correlation between variable X and variable Y since the value of r-counted (0.727) was higher than the value of r-table (0.279). Through questionnaire, 46% respondents agreed that vocabulary took a role in helping them to comprehend English texts, meaning the more vocabulary they have, the better they are in comprehending English texts.
Present day low quantity, high variety, and make-to-order manufacturing scenario demands concurrent product development. Major attributes required for concurrent product development are: seamless and bi-directional data flow among design, manufacturing and quality control cycles. This thesis documents research in to the field of generic feature based design and manufacturing process planning of discrete sheet metal bend parts. In this context sheet metal forming is subjected to various variations, due to which state of the art in sheet metal pressbrake forming is still recognized as a separate and vague island of automation. Formal integration of standards and specifications is required for knowledge retrieval, generated during manufacturing phase. Sheet metal pressbrake forming is subjected to various process and material variations and ultimate shape of a 3D formed part depends upon the capability and health of the equipment of a native manufacturing setup. Process planning and process parameters are optimized by altering some of the design attributes. Valuable knowledge generated during this activity is lost and is not communicated back to the upstream design stage. This research highlights several issues regarding feature based design and manufacturing of discrete sheet metal parts. Contemporary standards STEP (STandard for Exchange of Product data) and STEP-NC ( STandard for Exchange of Product data for Numerical Control ) are utilized to formulate a framework for feature based design and manufacturing of discrete sheet metal parts augmented with the capability of knowledge retrieval. Major contribution of this research is a proposed framework for feature based design and manufacturing of discrete sheet metal parts developed on the basis of STEP and STEP-NC standards. It outputs a generic feature based manufacturing process plan that could be mapped and optimized according to the capabilities of a native manufacturing environment. In the proposed framework STEP enabled manufacturing process plan communicates generic information independent of any vendor specific detailing which is mostly based on rigid data formats such as ISO 6983. Functional requirements of the framework are categorized into three independent modules for the CNC pressbrake process control unit: 3 (1) Feature based design development of discrete sheet metal parts (2) Generic feature based process planning of discrete sheet metal parts (3) Offline process plan optimization according to the capabilities of a native manufacturing environment. The framework was validated through experimentation on a CNC pressbrake with 3-axis back gauge locating capabilities. STEP & STEP-NC compliant framework for feature based design and manufacturing of discrete sheet metal parts provides a powerful tool for generating generic process plans and knowledge retrieval generated during final process plan optimization and execution. Prototype system using ST-Developer® Visual C++ libraries is developed to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed framework.