حمدباری تعالیٰ
عظیم ذات ہے اُس کی بزرگ و برتر ہے
نہ کوئی ثانی ہی اُس کا نہ کوئی ہمسر ہے
جو بحر اُس کا ہے سارا تو اُس کا ہی بر ہے
جو خشک اُس کا ہے سارا تو اُس کا ہی تر ہے
وہی تو ہے جو ہے ذات و صفات میں یکتا
ہر ایک رنگ میں بے مثل وہ سراسر ہے
ہیں دو جہاں پہ عطائیں تمام تر اُس کی
وہ بے عدیل سخی ، بے مثال داور ہے
یہ اور بات کہ ہے لا مکاں مکاں اُس کا
مگر جو ہے دلِ مومن وہ اس کا ہی گھر ہے
The account of the deeds and sayings of the prophet (ﷺ) has been carefully preserved since the dawn of Islam. This is what actually led Ernest Renan to believe that “[Islam] was born in the full light of history”, and that the life of Muḥammad (ﷺ) can be known as explicitly as that of any sixteenth century reformer. Notwithstanding, some contemporary writers doubt the historicity of Muḥammad (ﷺ) ; Robert Spencer is one of them. He is an American author. He is quite famous for his criticism of Islam and the prophet of Islam. He has published twelve books so far. He is a member of Melkite Greek Catholic Church. He contends that Muḥammad’s (ﷺ) historical value is in no way greater and more reliable than mythological figures or characters such as Robin Hood and Macbeth. He maintains that the very idea of subjecting the traditionally accepted account of the life of Muḥammad (ﷺ) and the origins of Islam will be regarded by many Muslims as an affront. To substantiate his argument, he rigorously criticizes the historical value of ḥadīth. He argues that aḥādīth were fabricated and compiled in the third century. He maintains that aḥādīth were concocted much later to be used as weapons in political strife and religious controversies. This paper is an academic attempt to prove that aḥādīth were painstakingly preserved and for that purpose various techniques were employed. Besides, it also sheds light on the reasons for the fabrication of aḥādīth and the ways and means utilized for sifting the genuine aḥādīth from forgeries. Findings of this article suggest that the minute details of the life of Muḥammad (ﷺ) have been scrupulously preserved; hence aḥādīth can be used as a reliable source of Sīrah.
Background Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. The Indo-Pak sub-Continent has one of the highest predispositions to Coronary artery disease. Apart from the established risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, family history, and obesity that played an important role in the development of CAD, genetic polymorphism also emerge as a risk factor in the incidence of Coronary artery disease. Thrombomodulin (THBD) gene is one of them. It is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. It is an important vasoprotective and thromboresistant substance. This natural anticoagulant abates thrombin’s activity and activates Protein C. The relationship between Thrombomodulin gene polymorphisms and coronary disease remains Controversial. It has been reported that a single nucleotide polymorphism (CT) at position 1418 of thrombomodulin gene results in amino acid change from alanine (A) to valine (V) at protein position 455 of TM gene (Ala 455 Val). A considerable number of studies conducted across the globe showed a varied relationship between TM gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease. Therefore the aim of the present study is to assess the association between TM gene Polymorphism and coronary artery disease in general adult Population of Karachi, Pakistan ii METHODOLOGY This is a case control study that was conducted in Tabba Heart Institute in association with National Institute of Blood Disease, Karachi. In this study we explore the association between C/T dimorphism that might predict as a risk factor for coronary artery disease in population of Karachi. We compared C/T dimorphism in 92 cases with 90 control subjects by allele specific amplification. RESULTS The frequency of CC, CT and TT genotype was 81 (90 %), 6 (6.7%) 3 (3.3%) in controls and 67 (72.8%), 20 (21.7%) and 5 (5.4%) in cases respectively. In case group the CT/TT genotype were found to be significantly associated with coronary artery diseases when compared with control group (p-value 0.009). Both cases and control were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), i.e. for cases HWE was (X2 = 3.81, p>0.05) and for controls HWE was (X2 = 19.4, p>0.05). CONCLUSION TM C1418T polymorphism appears as a risk marker in Coronary Artery Disease patients in the population of Karachi, Pakistan.