سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل کی وفات
دو ماہ کی علالت کے بعد سر آرتھر کونل ڈائل نے ۷؍ جولائی ۱۹۳۰ء کو قلب کی بیماری میں انتقال کیا، شرلاک ہومس کے افسانوں کی وجہ سے ان کو جو عالمگیر شہرت حاصل ہوئی وہ محتاج بیان نہیں، آخری عمر میں انھیں روحوں کے ساتھ غایت درجہ کا اعتقاد ہوگیا تھا، وہ اسے ایک قسم کا مذہب خیال کرتے تھے، جس کی اہمیت ان کے نزدیک لٹریچر، فنون، لطفیہ، سیاسیات بلکہ دنیا کی ہر چیز سے زیادہ تھی اور انھیں اس بات سے تکلیف ہوتی تھی کہ لوگ ان کو شرلاک ہومس کے مصنف کے نام سے یاد کرتے ہیں۔ سر آرتھر کو بچپن ہی سے تصنیف کا شوق تھا، پہلی کتاب انھوں نے چھ سال کی عمر میں لکھی اور مدرسہ کے ابتدائی ساتھیوں میں بحیثیت افسانہ گو کے شہرت حاصل کی، بعد میں انھوں نے طب پڑھی اور کئی سال تک مطب کرتے رہے، مصنفوں کے زمرہ میں ان کا شمار اس وقت ہوا جب ۱۸۸۸ء میں انھوں نے ’’مائکا کلارک‘‘ لکھی، گزشتہ جنگ عظیم میں ان کا بڑا لڑکا مارا گیا اور اسی حادثے نے آخر عمر میں انھیں عالم ارواح کا دلدادہ بنادیا۔ (’’م ۔ ع‘‘، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۰ء)
The Sharīʻah maxims related to originality and dependency are one of the most important maxims which have a significant role in Islamic law. Therefore, the classical jurists paid adequate attention to these maxims and applied them in various issues and cases of fiqh. This paper seeks to analyze the effect of these maxims in different commercial transactions, namely the shariah stauts about the investment and trade in shares of those companies whose mostly transactions are lawful and a few transations are unlawful, shariah status about sale and purchase of shares that contains liquid and fixed assets. This research also explains different types of contracts combined in a single transaction; discusses the effect (with special reference to facilitations and easiness) of said maxims in contracts combined in a single transaction; analyz all the traditions of prophet (ﷺ) about the combination of contracts. The article is divided into two main sections in the following way: First section contains three main Sharīʻah maxims related to originality and dependency. Second deals with the modern applications of these maxims in commercial transactions. An applied and juristic research approach has been employed for the collection and analysis of data.
This research project is a case study of the public sector university libraries in Pakistan. This thesis investigates and documents the impact of digital technology on library and information services and resources in the public sector universities of the country. All 73 public sector universities in Pakistan have been covered. Questionnaires, interviews, observation, web analyses and documentary sources of information were the major data collection techniques. The findings of the study reveal that the implementations of emerging library technologies have positive impact on library services and resources in the public sector universities in Pakistan. It was pinpointed that inadequate funding for library automation, lack of skilled library professionals, lack of user education programs on emerging library technologies, frequent power failure are the major barriers to the implementation of latest technologies in university libraries of the country. The findings also reflect that public sector university libraries of Islamabad and Punjab are far ahead in modernization of library services and resources as compared with Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir& Northern Areas. Recommendations are given at the end. Among other things, it is suggested that separate budget for automation and digitization, recruitment of IT skilled human resources, supply of powerful generators/ UPS, provision of latest hardware and standardized library software, revision of LIS curriculum, systematic planning for modernization of university libraries, digitization of library own publications, provision of high bandwidth of internet speed connections , effective periodic training for library professionals and continuing user education on modern library trends for library users are the tools which can be used for the improvement of modern library culture in the universities of Pakistan .