ڈاکٹر سکندر حیات میکن کی تحقیقی و تنقیدی کتاب " ادبی ستارے پر ایک اجمالی نظر ۔۔
وجیہہ ضمیر
تحقیق ایک دقیق کام ہے ۔جس میں ہم پر وہ آشکار ہوتا ہے جو ہم سے مخفی ہوتا ہے یا کسی چیز کی اصل تک پہنچنا یا پھر اس اصل کے قریب قریب تحقیق پہنچا دیتی ہے ۔ قرآن پاک کہتا ہے کہ مفہوم ہے کہ جب فاسق تم تک کوئی خبر لائے تو اس کی خوب تحقیق کر لیا کرو " یعنی غور و فکر کرنا اسلام میں پسند کیا گیا ہے
اگر ایک کام پر تحقیق کی جائے تو ضروری نہیں اس تحقیق سے اخذ شدہ نتائج حتمی ہوں بلکہ ایک موضوع پر ہر پہلو سے الگ مطالب و مفاہیم ہم تک پہنچ سکتے ہیں بلکہ پہلے کی گئی تحقیق سے راہیں ہموار ہوتی ہیں
نت نئے ادبی گوشوں کو متعارف کروانا بعض لوگوں کا جنون ہوتا ہے اور یہ ہی ادب میں کسی کام کرنے کا محرک بھی ہوتا ہے ورنہ ادب میں تو جمود طاری ہو جائے ، ڈاکٹر سکندر حیات میکن کسی تعارف کے محتاج نہیں آپ تحقیق کے معاملے میں ادبی قارئین کے سامنے کوئی نا کوئی پوشیدہ پہلو ڈھونڈ نکالتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے مختلف محققین اور ادب کے قارئین کے لیے راہیں ہموار ہوتی ہیں ابھی حالیہ ان کا ادبی کارنامہ " ضیا بار افراد کےخطوط " بنام اصغرعلی (علی گڑھ) پر تربیت پایا ہے اور کیا ہی شاندار کھوج نکالا ہے ۔ یہ انسان کی مسلسل اور انتھک کوشش کا نتیجہ ہوتی ہے ۔ وہ شخصیت سازی کو ایک کوزے میں بند کرنا بخوبی جانتے ہیں وہ جانتے ہیں کہ ایک ذندہ شخصیت کو کس تناظر میں بیان کیا جاتا ہے ورنہ بڑے بڑے...
Assyrian Text is witnessed that women used veil for face covering with an additional piece of cloth about 13 centuries before the Christ. Then history of mankind displays veil in Egyptian society that was transparent and normally white in color. We found a handful evidences in Greek literature regarding veiling of face. History travels to Anglo-Saxon age and witnessed that women used veil to cover their hair of head. The head covering shows a biological reasoning also. Roman culture was the culture of fantasy, the veils were full of colorful, and multi designed veil arranged by flowers and different beautiful substantial. In Roman, veil developed from only head covering to shoulder covering and then from head to back covering. British regime also enrich the history of veil. There was beautiful designed, decorated with net clothes and covered with beautiful embroidery. The veil was empowered by elite community in England. Later it was popularized as a fashion in colonial communities. Through this thorough historic discussion, it is approved that veil used by women has a long history as the human history. In religious context, Hinduism is understood as the oldest religion on globe, it is found that in Harappan times about 2500 BC, Aryan women used to wear full body covering single cloth from head covering to foot, which was preached in Hindu religious book Vedas also, later the single cloth was known as Sari. And after the introduction of Christianity, Veil was introduced as a compulsory symbol of religion. Veil of whole body with strict rules can be seen in the form of Christian nun. Later, Islam explained veil of women in public as an obligatory sign. Islam is the youngest religion on earth, it was published rapidly and the implication of its rules are practiced prominently. After a thorough historic and religious discussion, it if proved in this article that veil was a compulsory part of human society and religions before Islam had also preached for veiling.
The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of job stress on relationship of job demand and work-life balance of nurses working in Multan, Pakistan. The study is based on the review of existing literature and collection of data through self-administered questionnaire. Sample was selected from nurses working within Multan by using convenience and snowball sampling techniques of non-probability sampling. This is a cross-sectional study as data is collected form the respondents at one specific point in time. A total of 134 questionnaires in English and Urdu were distributed in sample using convenience and snowball sampling and asked personally to fill the questionnaires; all the respondents returned the questionnaires. The results showed that most of the nurses working in Multan are young, single and well-qualified. All the three variables are positively correlated to each other. The mediation model presented by Baron and Kenny (1986) is applied and tested by hierarchical regression analysis. The mediation is checked by two models: in model no.1 job demand predicted work-life balance and in model no.2 both job demand and job stress predicted work-life balance. The regression analysis showed that both job demand and job stress brought change in work-life balance and increase of 19.9% is noticed in model no.2 after addition of job stress. As hypothesized, the job demand though affects the work-life balance of nurses but when the job becomes more demanding it creates job stress which more adversely affects the work-life balance of nurses. The results are applicable to the nurses working in Multan. Future research may further study the issue by enhancing the sample size and by adding other variables such as ?staff morale? and ?workplace environment?. The practical suggestions include implementation of results to reduce the level of stress in nurses and improve their existing conditions.